INTRODUCTION

It cannot be denied that the importance of the role of the language in human life is that language carries social functions as a means of communication. The success of cultural transformation today is inseparable from the role of language. However, it is also realized that language is not just a communication tool but language is a system (Lubis, 2011, p.2). The system means some sequences starting from sounds, phonemes, morphemes, words, and sentences, and all of which have their own rules. The existing rules then become construction as a form.

The concept of the form referred to in this study is the structure of language that forms a speech act. Because when we are talking about sentences, sentences can be distinguished in two kinds of ways. The first method is differentiation based on the form as single sentence and compound sentences, while the second method is differentiation based on its communicative values.

The understanding of sentences actually has already existed since the traditional grammar arose. Traditionally, sentences are the utterances that contain complete thoughts which are composed from the elements of the subject and predicate. With the understanding that the subject is about what something is said and predicate is what is said about the subject. According to the researcher, understanding the meaning of the sentence is incomplete on the way above and does not provide a workable understanding in observing speech based on its communicative value. So then the language experts emerged to discuss sentences from different points of view.

Imperative sentences according to Ramlan (1987, p.45-47) is a sentence that expects a response in the form of certain actions from the person who is invited to speak (the hearer). Imperative sentences can be marked with the exclamation mark (!) and followed by the particle of -lah in its predicates. According to Ramlan (1987), imperative sentences can be divided into four groups based on its structure, they are: 1) imperative sentence itself, 2) permission sentences, 3) invitation sentences, and 4) prohibition sentence. With the example as below.

“Tertawalah engkau sepuas-puasnya!” ‘Laugh at your heart's content!’ “Silakan Bapak duduk di sini!” ‘Please, you sit here!’“Ayo, kita pergi ke kampus sekarang!” ‘Let's go to campus now!’ “Jangan ganggu adikmu lagi!” ‘Don't disturb your sister anymore!’Ramlan (1987) used the terms of imperative sentences with the definition of expecting the responses in a form of certain action from the hearer can be called as its characteristic of the sentence based on its function in the relationship of situation (communicative values). The term situation which is used is one of the markers of context entities in reviewing and examining a language phenomenon that is considered necessary. The extralingual dimensions of language must be involved in reviewing and interpreting a linguistic entity especially related to the study of swearing.

The sentence contains commands can be also called as the imperative sentence according to Alwi et al. (2003, p.337). The sentence contains commands is used to express the utterance that needs the reaction of the participant. The form of reaction is in the physical action to do certain things, ended with the exclamation mark (!) or full stop (.). The characteristics of the command sentences are: 1) the limitation in the sentence that its predicate is only in a form of verb; 2) the subject of the sentence is the second person (singular/plural), and also in a form of the first plural inclusive person (we); 3) the subject not always exist; 4) with the transitive verb;5) the verb with the affix me- can not be used; 6) to soften the utterances, it can be inserted the particle of -lah after the verb and it can be added with the words coba, tolong, silakan (please) before the verb, or mari (let) before the first plural inclusive person. The command sentence has the form of denial sentence that stated with the addition of the word jangan (don't). Unfortunately Alwi et al. (2003) do not divide the command sentence into several parts, only states that the command sentence is an imperative sentence.

In Bengkulu-Malay language (hereinafter abbreviated as bMB), Basuki (2003, p.118-119) divides the typesof sentences into affirmative sentences, question sentences, and command sentences (order). The commandor imperative sentence states the existence of order and is marked with the exclamation mark (!). The examples below are to clarify the command or imperative sentences.

“Tiduk donga di siko!” 'Sleep here your older brother!'

Basuki (2003) used the verb tiduk ‘sleep’ as an example of the command sentence and the characteristic of the imperative sentence used is the existence of an exclamation mark (!), but it is not further explained about the command sentence or the imperative sentences.

The other bMB study is Supadi (2015, p.115) who divides the types of sentences into more types, namely affirmative sentences, question sentences, command sentences, invitation sentences, prohibited sentences, active sentences, and passive sentences. The command sentences or imperative sentences are explained as the sentences that expect a response in the form of an action from the person whom invited to speak. The examples to clarify the statements as below: “Ambiklah minuman iko!” ’Take this drink!’.

The example given by Supadi (2015) showed that the command or imperative sentences expect a response in a form of action, using the verb ambik ‘take’, the existence of the exclamation mark(!), and using the clitic - lah as the decisiveness in bMB (The analysis of clitic -lah in swearing of bMB can be seen on Rustinar (2017, p.178).

According to Rahardi (2005, p.71-86) Indonesian sentences are understood as a series of words arrangedregularly based on its certain rules of formation. Each word in the sequence has its own meaning and the sequence of words determines the type of sentence. Based on the form the sentence is divided into two, namely:

single sentence and 2) compound sentences. Whereas based on its communicative values there are five, namely: 1) affirmative sentence (declarative), 2) command sentence (imperative), 3) question sentence (interrogative), 4) exclamation sentence (exclamation), and 5) decisive sentence (empathic).

The command sentence or imperative sentence according to Rahardi (2005.79-80) contains the intention of orders, requests, and invitations from the opponent to do something the speaker wants.The imperative sentences in Indonesian language can be divided into five types, they are: 1) the ordinary imperative sentence,the requesting imperative sentence, 3) the permitting imperative sentence, 4) the inviting imperative sentence, 5) the ordering imperative sentence.

The ordinary imperative sentence has the characteristics such as: 1) high intonation, 2) supported by the base form of the verb, 3) has the decisiveness particle of -lah. The imperative sentences in this type are considered as the roughest imperative. The example as below: “Diam! Hansip tahu apa.” ‘Shut up! A security like you only knows nothing’

Context: The utterance was spoken by the policeman who hostiled to the security in a crowd ofneighborhood. Among the security and the policeman disagreed to each other about the incident that happened there.

The requesting imperative sentence is the imperative sentence with the softest level of command. The requesting imperative sentence is completed by the attitude of the speaker which is humbler than the speaker for the ordinary imperative sentence.The requesting imperative sentence is marked with the used of politeness marker, such as: tolong, coba, harap, mohon (please) and the other expression such as sudilah kiranya (may I), dapatkah seandainya (if only), diminta dengan hormat (asked respectfully), and dimohon dengan sangat (very requested). The example can be seen in the sentences below.

“Kalau boleh, nanti malam saya mau berangkat lagi ke Jakarta! Besok sore aku harus bertemu Tatang di Bekasi.” ‘If it's possible, tonight I will go again to Jakarta! Tomorrow afternoon, I must meet with Tatang in Bekasi’

Context: The utterance was spoken by a Father who has an occupation as a businessman in Jakarta when he visited his wife and children in Yogyakarta.

The permitting imperative sentences is an imperative sentence which is aimed to give the permission, and it is marked with the politeness markers, such as: silakan (please), biarlah (let), and some other expressions that has a meaning as please, they are: diperkenankan (allowed to), dipersilahkan (welcomed), and diizinkan (permitted to). To clarify the explanation, the researcher provided some examples as below:

“Mas-mas....Ambillah makanan itu, seberapapun kau suka!” ‘Hey good boy, take that food as much as you want!’

Context: the utterance was spoken by the generous man to the starving scavenger that was at the moment, he was given a lot of food by the generous man at his house. This generous man was famous for his kindness to help the poor people.

The inviting imperative sentence is usually used with the politeness markers, such as: ayo/yo, biar (let's), coba (let's try), mari (come on), harap (please), hendaknya (you should), and hendaklah (you must). The example below is to clarify the statement.

“Vendi….Coba kita geser dulu meja ini! Kursinya kamu angkat dulu!” ‘Vendi, let's try to move aside thistable first! Lift this chair, please!’

Context: The utterance was spoken by a mother to her children. They set their dining room in their house. The ordering imperative sentence usually is used with the politeness markers, such as: ayo, biar (let's), coba (let's try), mari (come on), harap (please), hendaknya (you should), hendaklah (you must) mohon (please),silakan (please), and tolong (please). As the example below.

“Bu….Hendaknya obat ini diminum sesuai aturan! Yang ini antibiotik dan harus habis semua.” ‘Madam, you should eat this drug according to the rules! These are antibiotics and all must be used up.’

Context: the utterance was spoken by the pharmacist. When she had to inform the rules of the drugs.

The swear of bMB based on its communicative values according to the researcher included in the ordinary imperative sentences with the markers attached to it. The reason why the researcher stated this theory was because the concept of the imperative sentences contained the intention of orders, requests, and invitations to the hearer to do something as intended by the speaker and this was the concept of the imperative sentence according to Rahardi (2005, p.79-80).

The swearing imperative sentence of bMB that contains the command aimed to give the comands to the hearer. In this sentence, the speaker wants the hearer doing the command that is intended inside the utterance.The requesting imperative sentence is spoken in order to make the hearer doing the certain thing according to the verb which exist in the sentence.And the inviting imperative sentence is aimed to invite the hearer to do something.

The swearing imperative sentence of bMB has the intention of ordering, requesting, and inviting harshly due to the existence of swear within the sentence itself. According to Rustinar (2017, p.177) the concept of swearing in bMB stated that the swears or curses of bMB is the harsh words, swearing or cursing that is spoken to release the anger, hatred, or disappointment. The example as below.

“Mati beranaklah kau!.” ‘You will die when you deliver your baby!’The form of mati beranaklah is the swear that means to curse the subject of second singular pronoun kau (you), it is clearly explained with the particle of –lah that is attached to the predicate to give the pressure and it also has the exclamation mark (!) as the imperative mark.

Swearing according to Ljung (2011:8) are words that are not liked by most people because their function is to express emotions as a form of hatred, frustration, or obscenity. Expert namely Dynel (2012:27) also stated that swearing words tend to be considered as rude because the swearing word contains harsh words, swearing, and cursing.

The lingual unit that realizes the imperativity of a sentence can be seen in several forms of marks or it canbe called as its characteristic. According to Dajajsudarma (2016:31) the imperative marks in a written form can be marked with the used of full stop (.), exclamation mark (!), or question mark (?). This type is also marked with the particle of –lah.

Based on the backgrounds above, so the problem that is going to be explained in this study is: what is the swearing imperative sentence of bMB and how many kinds of mark used in the swearing imperative sentence of bMB.

METHODS

The method of this research was descriptive qualitative (Djajasudarma and Citraresmana, 2016, p.1) with the research data were swearing words originating from the informants of bMB speakers. Data collection used the refer method and the introspection method. The refer method was done by the tapping technique using the recording tool and the recording technique was done on the data cards which were provided, then proceed to the next step of classifying or grouping (Mahsun, 2014, p.92-93). The implementation of these two techniques was not absolutely sequential or flexible. Introspection method was a method of providing data by utilizing the intuition of the language of the researcher as a mother tongue that used the theory of (Mahsun, 2014, p.102- 104). The introspection method was in the form of linguistic decisions originating from the native speakers, who have the linguistic competence of the target language in order to check the validity of the data of informant, if there was any doubtful data, it would be quickly recognized based on the language intuition that the researcher has. The researcher used the introspection method to create sentences by giving the context of the forms (Djajasudarma&Citraresmana, 2016, p.214).

The researcher analyzed the data by using the referring method that was to connect the concept and the distribution method in order to entry the sentence that accorded to the example. The use of the method was intended to find out the clarity of the information provided or obtained, and to check the correctness of the imperative sentence of bMB, the researcher used paraphrasing techniques or techniques of changing form into swearing sentences not imperative sentence (Djajasudarma, 2016, p.58-65).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The result of the research showed that there were eleven numbers of swearing imperative sentence of bMB. The lingual unit that realized the imperativity of the sentence that was connected to the context of the situation in the conversation was in its background or in its communicative value. The data of the research as below.

Data 1 Conversation:

O2:“Woy, bundung! Apo lokak kau duduk sorang cak iko, lemak kito pai jalan-jalan” ‘Eh, bundung! Why do you sit here lonely, let's go with us walking around’

Context: The participants were best friends. O1 smoked and drank a cup of coffee in the stall. The participant O2 came and invited him to walk around.

Data 2 Conversation:

O1:“Hidupkanla dulu ledeng tu angko idak bolak-balik! kelak dulu nyuci motor tu burik!” ‘Turn on the water pump first and don't go back and forth! Finish your washing motorcycle activity first burik!’

Context: The O1 participant cooked some food in the kitchen. The O2 participant went back and forth to take some water from the bathroom to the yard to wash the motorcycle. The participant O1 felt annoyed to see it then the participant O1 ordered the O2 to open the water tap so they would not be running out of water.

Data 3 Conversation:

O1: “O2, ngapo kau nengok-nengok?” ‘O2, why do you look at me like that?’ O2 : “Idak, ambo cuma nengok ajo” ‘No, I just look at the surroundings’

O1: “Pai kau babi dari siko!” ‘Get out you fucking pig from here!’

Context: The participant O1 planned to spent his time in the computer-cafe, but the place was full so he sat on the corner of the entrance door. O1 took his cigarette from his pocket while waiting for the place. O1 felt annoyed due to the O2 activity.

Data 4 Conversation:

O2:“Mangkonyo pelan-pelan.Wey, ambo pirik nian kau ko kelak!” ‘You must eat the meatball slowly and carefully! Oh, I will pinch you so hard!'

Context: The participants O1 and O2 ate their meatballs. The O1 participant was angry when O2 nudgedthe soya sauce bottle not in purposely. O1 ordered O2 to walk slowly and carefully.

Data 5 Conversation:

O2: “Balikkan duit ambo! Minjam dak bebalik dasar anjing kau!” ‘Give me back my money! You borrow my money without giving it back, you fucking dog!’

Context: The O1 participant was playing game when O2 came and calling him to pay the loan. The O1 firstly did not hear it because he put on his headset. And after a longer time, O2 called O1 again and O1 finally could hear it.

Data 6 Conversation:

O1: “Kau ko idak dengar kecekan. Ambik piring bentar klera!” ‘You don't hear my command. Take the plate now klera!’

Context: The participant O1 was frying the chips. The participant O2 just came home from playing outside.

O1 ordered O2 to take the plate but O1 did it very slowly.

Data 7 Conversation:

O1: “Woy, tolong belikan rokok!” ‘Hey, buy me a box of cigarettes, please!’ O2: “Belila sorang woy” ‘Buy it by yourself’

O1:“Way, lah melawan nian kau pantek, belikan dikit rokok!” ‘How dare you don't want to do it pantek, buy for me now!’

Context: The participant O1 played game while O2 was sitting calmly and playing his phone. O1 orderedO2 to buy O1 cigarettes, but O2 did not want to do it. O2 asked O1 to buy it by himself.

Data 8 Conversation:

O1: “Iyak, orang ko jualan, bukan Bak kau yang punyo pasarko. Orang ko cari piti. Kau ko idak beutak!” ’Oh my gosh, I want to go to work (selling in the market), this market doesn't belong to your father. Everyone is earning the money. You have no brain!’

Context: The participant O1 wanted to park his motorcycle but he could not get off from his motorcyclesince the motorcycle of O2 blocked the way. O1 ordered O2 to move backward but O2 responded that O2 wanted to stay there a while for waiting for his friend.

Data 9 Conversation.:

O1: “Ledeng! Matikan Lolo! Iko bengak-bengak nian! didik!” ‘The water tap! Turn off the water tap first, Lolo! How dumb you are! Didik!

Context: The participant O1 was busy to wash the dishes and filled the buckets with the water from the bathroom to the kitchen in 3 meters distances. O1 ordered O2 who just got into the bathroom to turn off the water tap because all of the buckets had been full with water. O1 called O2 for many times, but O2 could not hear it so it made O1 was in anger.

Data 10 Conversation:

O3: “Malam kelak ndak ambo pancing bae ikan Wak ko” (Tonight, I will steal your fish)

O1: “Uncang kelepir kau, mancing-mancing bae.” ‘You’re uncang kelepir, Don't steal, you may fish them’

Context: All of the participants were in the same neighborhood. O2 and O3 stopped by O1 who was looking at his fish pond behing his home which fish had already been so big. O3 told a joke that they (O2 and O3) would steal his fish tonight. O1 felt annoyed then he ordered them only to take the fish but they were not allowed to steal it.

Data 11 Conversation:

O2: “Main apo nian kau ko. Kalah trus cak tino ajo. Dasar banci kau tu. Pailah balik bae!” ‘What game do you play in. You always lose. You're a fucking sissy. Go back to your home!’

O1: “Palak bak kau!” ‘Your father's fucking head!’

Context: The participant 01 was playing a game when O2 came to the computer cafe to look at the play of O1. O2 mocked to O1 who always lose then it made O1 felt annoyed and ordered O2 to go home.

The swearing imperative sentence of bMB containthe intention of ordering, requesting, and inviting the hearer to do the certain things that the speaker wants harshly because of the existence of the swear words in the sentence and moreover its characteristic is insisting. The data of swears could be seen as below.

(1) “Woy, bundung! Apo lokak kau duduk sorang cak iko, lemak kito pai jalan-jalan.” ‘Eh, bundung! Why do you sit here lonely, let's go with us walking around’

(2) “Hidupkanla dulu ledeng tu angko idak bolak-balik! kelak dulu nyuci motor tu burik!” ‘Turn on the water pump first and don't go back and forth! Finish your washing motorcycle activity first burik!’

(3) Pai kau babi dari siko!” ‘Get out you fucking pig from here!’

(4) “Mangkonyo pelan-pelan. Wey, ambo pirik nian kau ko kelak!” ‘You must eat the meatball slowly and carefully! Oh, I will pinch you so hard!'

(5) “Balikkan duit ambo! Minjam dak bebalik dasar anjing kau!” ‘Give me back my money! You borrow my money without giving it back, you fucking dog!’

(6) “Kau ko idak dengar kecekan. Ambik piring bentar klera!” ‘You don't hear my command. Take the platenow klera!’

(7) “Way, lah melawan nian kau pantek, belikan dikit rokok!” ‘How dare you don't want to do it pantek, buy for me now!’

(8) “Iyak, orang ko jualan, bukan Bak kau yang punyo pasarko. Orang ko cari piti. Kau idak beutak!” ’Oh my gosh, I want to go to work (selling in the market), this market doesn't belong to your father. Everyone is earning the money. You have no brain!’

(9) “Ledeng! Matikan lolo! Iko bengak-bengaknian! didik!” ‘The water tap! Turn off the water tap first, Lolo!How dumb you are! Didik!

(10) “Uncang kelepir kau, mancing-mancing bae.” ’You’reuncang kelepir, don't steal, you may fish them’

(11) “Main apo nian kau ko. Kalah trus cak tino ajo. Dasar banci kau tu. Pailah balik bae!” ‘What game do you play in. You always lose. You're a fucking sissy. Go back to your home!’

Checking the validity of the swearing imperative sentence of bMB can be used the paraphrashing or the changing forms method to be the swearing sentence not the imperative one. The example on utterance contained swear on data number (1) with the paraphrashing method could be changed into (1)a. to clarity it.

(1) Woy, bundung! Apo lokak kau duduk sorang cak iko, lemak kito pai jalan-jalan.” ‘Eh, bundung! Why do you sit here lonely, let's go with us walking around’

(1) a. ‘O1 Participant invited O2 (bundung) who was drinking a cup of coffee and smoked in the stall to go with him walking around’

The swearing of bMB based on the communicative values belonged to the ordinary imperative sentence (hereinafter the researcher called it as the swearing imperative sentence of bMB). This imperative sentence is used to express the utterance that needs the reaction of the hearer to do something physically. The swearing imperative activity of the speaker orders the hearer to do the certain things in the command.

The swearing imperative sentence of bMB based on data could be grouped into three, namely: (1) the swearing imperative sentences contain the intention to command; 2) the swearing imperative sentences contain the intention of requesting; 3) the swearing imperative sentences contain the intention of inviting.

The swearing imperative sentence contains ordering is a swearing sentence that gives a command to the hearer to do certain things that is desired by the speaker. The requested reaction is in a form of action. It could be found in eight data of the swearing imperative sentence, they were in: (2), (3), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), and (11).

On (2) the O1 participant cooked in the kitchen and O2 went back and forth to take water from the bathroomto the yard to wash the motorcycle. O1 was annoyed to see what O2 had done so O1 ordered O2 to open the bathroom water tap so that he could use the water hose. The swearing imperative sentence contained the command used was:

(2) “Hidupkanla dulu ledeng tu angko idak bolak-balik! kelak dulu nyuci motor tu burik!” ‘Turn on the water pump first and don't go back and forth! Finish your washing motorcycle activity first burik!’

On (3) the O1 participant planned to play games at the computer cafe but the place was full so they sat at the corner of the entrance. O1 took out a cigarette from a shirt pocket waiting for someone to finish playing. O1 felt unhappy at O2 and asked. The answer from O2 that contained a command made the O1 got away. The swearing imperative sentence that contained the command used was:

(3) “Pai kau babi dari siko!” ‘Get out you fucking pig from here!’

On (6) the O1 participant were frying the chips when O2 just returned from the outside. O1 ordered O2 to get the plate to put the chips in but O1 slowly took it. The swearing imperative sentence that contained the command used was:

(6) “Kau ko idak dengar kecekan, ambik piring bentar klera!” ‘You don't hear my command. Take the plate now klera!’

On (7) the O1 participant played games while O2 sat calmly playing his handphone. O1 ordered O2 to buycigarettes but O2 was lazy and told O1 to buy it himself.The swearing imperative sentence that contained the command used was:

(7) ”Way, lah melawan nian kau pantek, belikan dikit rokok!” ‘How dare you don't want to do it pantek, buy for me now!’

On (8) the O1 participant wanted to park the motorcycle but it couldn't because the O2 motorcycle blocked it. O1 ordered O2 to move backward but he answered that he wanted to stay there for a while because he was waiting for his friend.The swearing imperative sentence that contained the command used was:

(8) “Iyak, orang ko jualan, bukan Bak kau yang punyo pasarko. Orang ko cari piti, kau idak beutak!” ’Oh my gosh, I want to go to work (selling in the market), this market doesn't belong to your father. Everyone is earning the money. You have no brain!’

On (9) the O1 participant was busy to wash the dishes while filling the buckets with the water by using the water hose from the bathroom to the kitchen that was on three meters in distance. O1 ordered O2 who was in the bathroom to turn the water tap off because all of the buckets had been full. O2 called O1 many times but O1 did not hear it.The swearing imperative sentence that contained the command used was:

(9) “Ledeng! Matikan Lolo! Iko bengak-bengaknian!didik!” ‘The water tap! Turn off the water tap first, Lolo! How dumb you are! Didik!

On (10) all of the participants were in the same neighborhood. O2 and O3 stopped by O1 who was looking at his fish pond behind his home which fish had already been so big. O3 told a joke that they (O2 and O3) would steal his fish tonight. O1 felt annoyed then he ordered them only to take the fish but they were not allowed to steal it. The swearing imperative sentence that contained the command used was :

(10) “Uncang kelepir kau, mancing-mancing bae.”’You’re uncang kelepir, don't steal, you may fish them’

On (11) the O1 participant was playinga game when O2 came to the computer cafe, he looked at the play of O1. The participant O2 mocked at O1 who played so bad and ordered O2 to go home. The swearing imperative sentence that contained the command used was:

(11) “Main apo nian kau ko. Kalah trus cak tino ajo. Dasar banci kau tu. Pailah balik bae!” ‘What game do you play in. You always lose. You're a fucking sissy. Go back to your home!’

The swearing imperative sentence contains requesting is the imperative that has the intention to request with the aim to make the hearer doing something or taking the certain attitude according to the swear in the sentence. There were two imperative sentences contained requesting. They were in (4) and (5). It could be seen on the data below. On (4) O1 and O2 participants were mothers and children eating meatballs. The O2 participant accidentally nudged the soy sauce bottle and it almost fell. The O1 participant ordered O2 to be more careful. The swearing imperative sentence that contained the requests used was :

(4) ”Mangkonyo pelan-pelan. Wey, ambo pirik nian kau ko kelak!” ‘You must eat the meatball slowly and carefully! Oh, I will pinch you so hard!'

The O1 participant was playing game when O2 came and calling him to pay the loan. The O1 firstly did not hear it because he put on his headset. And after a longer time, O2 called O1 again and O1 finally could hear it. The swearing imperative sentence that contained the requests used was:

(5) “Balikkan duit ambo! Minjam dak bebalik dasar anjing kau!” ‘Give me back my money! You borrow my money without giving it back, you fucking dog!’

The swearing imperative sentence of bMB contains invitation was the inviting imperative sentence. This sentence is aimed to invite the hearer to do certain thing. There was one data of swearing imperative sentence contained invitation that was on (1) to clarify the statement.

On (1), both of the participants were good friend. The O1 participant was smoking and drinking a cup of coffee in the stall. That day was a very sunny day. The O2 participant came and looked at O1 who sat casually then he invited O1 to walk around, but O1 refused it.

“Woy, bundung! Apo lokak kau duduk sorang cak iko, lemak kito pai jalan-jalan.” ‘Eh, bundung! Why do you sit here lonely, let's go with us walking around’

The participant who used the swearing imperative sentence of bMB with the intention to command, request, or invite used the clear form of swear in order to make the desired purpose can be understood and done well by the hearer. The shorter the utterance that contains swear then the meaning will be more violent. The form of swear that used the base word could be found on (1) bundung, (2) burik, (3) babi, (5) anjing, (6) klera, (7) pantek. On (4) it used the phrase of pirik nian and on (8) used the phrase of idakbeutak and (11) dasar banci. The form of swear on (9) was the combination of the base word and the repetition, the base form was Lolo!, didik!” and the repetition form was bengak-bengak nian!. The clause forms were on (10) Uncang kelepir kau and (11) Palak bak kau.

The lingual unit that realized the imperativity of the swearing sentences of bMB also could be found onseveral marks, they were: the mark of swearing in imperative sentences of bMB that were ended with the exclamation mark (!) could be found on data (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), and (11). The data below were to clarify the statement.

(2) “Hidupkanla dulu ledeng tu angko idak bolak-balik! kelak dulu nyuci motor tu burik!” ‘Turn on the water pump first and don't go back and forth! Finish your washing motorcycle activity first burik!’

(3) “Pai kau babi dari siko!”. ‘Get out you fucking pig from here!’

“Mangkonyo pelan-pelan. Wey, ambo pirik nian kau ko kelak!” ‘You must eat the meatball slowly and carefully! Oh, I will pinch you so hard!'

“Balikkan duit ambo! Minjam dak bebalik dasar anjing kau!” ‘Give me back my money! You borrow mymoney without giving it back, you fucking dog!’

(6) “Kau ko idak dengar kecekan. Ambik piring bentar klera!” ‘You don't hear my command. Take the plate now klera!’

(7) “Way, lah melawan nian kau pantek, belikan dikit rokok!” ‘How dare you don't want to do it pantek, buy for me now!’

(8) “Iyak, orang ko jualan, bukan Bak kau yang punyo pasarko. Orang ko cari piti. Kau idak beutak!” ‘Oh my gosh, I want to go to work (selling in the market), this market doesn't belong to your father. Everyone is earning the money. You have no brain!’

“Ledeng! Matikan Lolo! Iko bengak-bengak nian!didik!” ‘The water tap! Turn off the water tap first, Lolo! How dumb you are! Didik!’

(11) “Main apo nian kau ko. Kalah trus cak tino ajo. Dasar banci kau tu. Pailah balik bae!” ‘What game do you play in. You always lose. You're a fucking sissy. Go back to your home!’

The mark of swearing in imperative sentences of bMB that were ended with the full stop (.) could be found on data (1) and (10).

(1) “Woy, bundung! Apo lokak kau duduk sorang cak iko, lemak kito pai jalan-jalan.” ‘Eh, bundung! Why do you sit here lonely, let's go with us walking around’

(10) “Uncang kelepir kau, mancing-mancing bae.” ‘You’re uncang kelepir, Don't steal, you may fish them’

The mark of swearing in imperative sentences of bMB that was followed by the particle of -lah on its predicate to give the pressure could be found on data (2).

(1) “Hidupkanla dulu ledeng tu angko idak bolak-balik! kelak dulu nyuci motor tu burik!” ‘Turn on the water pump first and don't go back and forth! Finish your washing motorcycle activity first burik!’

The used of the second personal pronoun of kau ‘engkau’ (you) referred to the hearer that was as the object of the command. The order of the swearing imperatif sentence was the second personal pronoun that was followed by the swear words as the subject of the sentence. It could be seen on data (3), (7), and (8).

(3) “Pai kau babi dari siko!” ‘Get out you fucking pig from here!’

(7) “Way, lah melawan nian kau pantek, belikan dikit rokok!” ‘How dare you don't want to do it pantek, buy for me now!’

(8) “Iyak, orang ko jualan, bukan Bak kau yang punyo pasarko. Orang ko cari piti. Kau idak beutak!” ’Oh my gosh, I want to go to work (selling in the market), this market doesn't belong to your father. Everyone is earning the money. You have no brain!’

The used of the second personal pronoun could also be reversed from the data above that was the swear words followed by the second personal pronoun. There were on data (4), (5), (10), and (11).

(4) “Mangkonyo pelan-pelan. Wey, ambo pirik nian kau ko kelak!” ‘You must eat the meatball slowly and carefully! Oh, I will pinch you so hard!'

(5) “Balikkan duit ambo! Minjam dak bebalik dasar anjing kau!” ‘Give me back my money! You borrow my money without giving it back, you fucking dog!’

(10) “Uncang kelepir kau, mancing-mancing bae.” ‘You’re uncang kelepir, Don't steal, you may fishthem’ ‘You’re uncang kelepir, Don't steal, you may fish them’

(11) “Main apo nian kau ko. Kalah trus cak tino ajo. Dasar banci kau tu. Pailah balik bae!” ‘What game do you play in. You always lose. You're a fucking sissy. Go back to your home!’

The swearing imperative sentences of bMB to mention the swear object could be replaced by the form ofthe swear itself. It could be seen on data (1), (2), (6), and (9)

(1) “Woy, bundung! Apo lokak kau duduk sorang cak iko, lemak kito pai jalan-jalan” ‘Eh, bundung!

Why do you sit here lonely, let's go with us walking around’

(2) “Hidupkanlah dulu ledeng tu angko idak bolak-balik! kelak dulu nyuci motor tu burik!” ‘Turn on the water pump first and don't go back and forth! Finish your washing motorcycle activity first burik!’

(6) “Kau ko idak dengar kecekan. Ambik piring bentar klera!” ‘You don't hear my command. Take the plate now klera!’

(9) “Ledeng! Matikan Lolo! Iko bengak-bengak nian! didik!” ‘The water tap! Turn off the water tap first, Lolo! How dumb you are! Didik!’

CONCLUSION

The swearing sentence of bMB based on its communicative values belongs to the imperative sentence with the attached marks inside. The swearing imperative sentence of bMB was divided into three, they were: the imperative sentence contained command, request, and invitation to do something to fulfill the desire of the speaker. The swearing imperative sentence that contained command was an activity to give the command to the hearer. The swearing imperative sentence contained request in order to make the hearer doing something or taking the certain attitude according to the verb in the sentence. In addition, the swearing imperative sentence contained the invitation that was the speaker invited the hearer to do something.

The classifications of those eleven sentences of swearing imperative in bMB were eight sentences contained command; two sentences contained requests, and one sentence contained invitation.

Having five markers of the swearing imperative sentence in bMB, they were: 1) ended with the exclamationmark (!); 2) ended with the full stop; 3) followed by the particle of -lah in its predicate to give the pressure; 4) the used of the second personal pronoun then followed by the swear words as the subject of the sentence or vice versa; 5) The mention of swear objects could be replaced by the form of the swear itself.

The swear phenomena among the society will still exist with the various reasons and it is possible to have more on its frequency. The frequency of the swear used should be fewer than the language that is full of politeness. Tawaran Pranowo (2012) stated thatthe rules of the politeness in the language must be begun to be realized as the opinion given by Hendriyan (2015) who stated that the sign of a nation that is going to be in the brink of destruction is the use of the words and the worsening of the language or the impoliteness of the language.

BIODATA

Eli Rustinar: S.Pd. M. Hum. was born on March 25, 1971 in the city of Bengkulu. Currently living on Jalan R.E. Martadinata 4 RW. 06 RT. 29 No. 77 Pagardewa Bengkulu City. Registered as a Permanent Lecturer in the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Indonesian Language Study Program University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu and Certified Lecturer. Email: elirustinar@umb.ac.id and elirustinar@ymail.com and mobile number: 081373014310. Currently he is a doctoral student at the Faculty of Cultural Sciences Linguistic Studies at Padjadjaran University, Bandung-Indonesia.

Cece Sobarna: University of Padjadjaran Bandung, Indonesia. cecesobarna@unpad.ac.id

Wahya: University of Padjadjaran Bandung, Indonesia. wahya@unpad.ac.id

Fatimah T. Djajasudarma: University Of Padjadjaran Bandung, Indonesia. Fatimah.Djajasudarma@Unpad.Ac.Id

Thank you to LPDP as a funder

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