INTRODUCTION

Tatar lexicography has a long and rich tradition. The initial period in the history of Tatar lexicography belongs to the XVIII century. Since then, hundreds of different dictionaries have been created. If we consider the history of the development of Tatar lexicography, we can see years of significant growth, when a lot of work was done to create new dictionaries. There were also periods when Tatar practical lexicography was kept afloat only by enthusiasts. Over the past two centuries, about 250 titles of printed Tatar dictionaries have appeared. The new XXI century, accepting this rich heritage continues the traditions of Tatar lexicographers and enriches them with new types of dictionaries.

The purpose of this article is to study bilingual dictionaries of the Tatar language of the XXI century. Based on the goal, it is assumed to solve the following tasks: coverage of a brief history of the issue; description of the state of Tatar lexicography in 2000-2017; determination of trends in the development of translated lexicography of this period.

The object of this research is Tatar dictionaries published during this period. The subject of study isbilingual dictionaries of the Tatar language of this period (Strauss: 1993, pp.565-576).

The scientific novelty is determined by the subject of research. Lexicographic works of the XXI century have not been studied enough, despite the high consumer demand for them; they have not yet received proper attention from scientists. The relevance of the topic is due to increased attention to the formation of a bilingual environment in the Republic of Tatarstan.

To date, mankind has accumulated a lot of experience in compiling translated dictionaries, according to V. p. Berkov, bilingual or translated lexicography has at least four millennia (Berkov: 1973). This direction in lexicography "has been exclusively practical for several centuries. It was only by the middle of the twentieth century that the theory of the formation of multilingual dictionaries began to be considered in collections on the problems of translation activities, as well as in the prefaces to major translated dictionaries" (Vlavatskaya: 2008, pp.61-65). According to L. A. Devel, foreign-native lexicography is increasingly becoming the subject of serious research around the world (Devel: 2011; Villalobos et al.: 2018; Rincón et al.: 2019; Annía et al.: 2019). Tatar dictionaries are no exception.

Many scientists have studied the problems of the history of Tatar lexicography. In our study, we rely on the works of K. R. Galiullin (Galiullin et al.: 2019, pp.2245-2250), M. Nugman (Nugman: 1969), F. S. Safiullina (Safiullina: 1999), G. R. Safiullina (Safiullina: 2016, pp.475-482), K. Sermaymayti (Sermaymayti et al.: 2018, pp.156-161; Sermaymayti et al.: 2019, pp.778-785), A. A. Timerkhanov (Timerkhanov: 2014, pp.21-34), A. A. Khaybullina (Khaybullina et al.: 2018, pp.406-411), A. sh. Yusupova (Yusupova: 2014, pp.186-190) and others. Dissertation research by A. sh. Yusupova (Yusupova: 2009), R. S. Nurmukhametova (Nurmukhametova: 2005) and others are also devoted to translated Tatar lexicography.

METHODS

Based on the goals and objectives, the following methods and techniques of analysis were used: descriptive method (collection of factual material, generalization and classification); component analysis, statistical method; synchronous-diachronic method; component and statistical analysis, comparative and synchronous methods.

RESULTS

Russian-Tatar dictionaries were the main sources of development of the bilingual Tatar lexicography. Thanks to the centuries-old neighbourhood between these two peoples, strong ties have developed in all spheres of social and everyday life. This close relationship has led to the need for translation dictionaries.

Russian dictionaries are primarily compiled for the purpose of direct communication with the Russian people (Nugman: 1969). These publications were the main practical guide to the study of Russian and Tatar languages, were widely used in translation work from Russian into Tatar and from Tatar into Russian languages. In addition, bilingual dictionaries performed social and cultural functions, helping the two peoples to better know and understand each other (Bakhriddinova: 2020, pp.981-985).

Handwritten bilingual Tatar dictionaries appeared in the XVII–XVIII centuries. Russian schools were created for the purpose of studying the Tatar language, strengthening trade and economic relations between the Russian and Tatar peoples, speeding up the training of officials who know the Tatar language to work in local administrative bodies of the Russian state, using historical sources written in the Tatar language to study the history of Russia, training missionaries who know the Tatar language, etc. (Safiullina: 1999).

The growing demand for the study of the Tatar language in Russia in the XIX century also caused the need for such dictionaries. "In this regard, 19 bilingual dictionaries were published in the XIX century. Russian Russian is one of them, and three of them are Russian – Tatar, which means that they were created for the study of the Tatar language" (Yusupova: 2009).

The successful experience of Tatar lexicography of the XIX century becomes more and more extensive in the XX century. The new century enriches the history of Tatar dictionaries. One hundred thirty bilingual dictionaries were published in these years. Russian dictionaries, Russian-Tatar dictionaries, and Tatar-Turkish dictionaries are among them (Minnullin & Villin: 1998).

If you pay attention to translated dictionaries of the XXI century, in 2000-2017, 78 such works were published. And in the years to come this direction of Tatar lexicography did not differ from the previous XIX– XX centuries was composed of the same bilingual and multilingual dictionaries.

DISCUSSION

Dictionaries based on the materials of two languages are certainly the most numerous, and they have been published in 53 titles. There are several directions in the development of bilingual Tatar lexicography of the XXI century.

1. 1. The majority of bilingual dictionaries (28) are Russian-Tatar dictionaries, which, in turn, should be grouped as follows:

   - Traditional Russian-Tatar dictionaries that cover the vocabulary of all areas of the life of people and society. Dictionaries of this type were published very little in the new century, they differ sharply in volume and are mainly intended for all users: Russian Russian Russian Russian dictionary; Russian-Tatar dictionary of current vocabulary (2014); Modern Russian-Tatar dictionary; Newest Russian-Tatar dictionary;

   - Branch and terminological Russian-Tatar dictionaries. These include the following works: dictionaries of the military (2000), biochemical (2000), medical (2003, 2004), geographical (2003, 2010, 2017), psychological(2004), veterinary (2004), chemical (2004), historical (2006), agroecological (2008), ophthalmological (2011),mathematical (2013), physical and technical (2014), Polytechnic (2014), linguistic (2014), etc. Russian Russian Russian dictionary of agricultural chemistry and soil science (2005), Russian-Tatar dictionary of labour protection in agriculture (2008), Russian-Tatar dictionary of terms frequently used in Federal state educational standards (2014), etc. The authors of some works aimed not only to translate words from Russian into Tatar but also to give an expanded interpretation of terms and names.

2. 2. Tatar-Russian dictionaries. Among 12 publications:

   - Traditional dictionaries for the General public: "Tatar-Russian dictionary" ;

   - Industry and thematic dictionaries: Russian dictionary (2000, 2006); Tatar-Russian dictionary of Arabic- Persian loanwords and dialect words in the old Tatar language (2003); Explanatory Tatar - Russian dictionary of homonyms (2004); Tatar-Russian dictionary of personal names and surnames (2006); Tatar-RussianImportar listadictionary of terms on the processes of chemical technologies and devices (2016); Tatar-Russian dictionary of military vocabulary (2017);

   Russian dictionary for children: "My dictionary: illustrated Tatar-Russian thematic dictionary" (2002);" My first Tatar dictionary: illustrated Tatar-Russian thematic dictionary "(2004);" Illustrated Tatar-Russian thematic dictionary " (2017).

   Russian dictionaries (6 editions) Are in third place in terms of the number of works that combine two types of dictionaries in one book: Tatar-Russian and Russian-Tatar dictionaries. Despite their rather large volume, they are user-friendly. During the study period published 5, 6, 7 series dictionary of biological terms (2001); published three dictionaries F. S. Safiullina: "Pocket Tatar-Russian and Russian-Tatar dictionary" (2001); "the Base of the Tatar-Russian and Russian-Tatar dictionary for students: the application to study the Tatar language for Russian-speaking schools" (2012, 2014).

3. 3. Another feature of this period is the creation of dictionaries of a new type – ethnic and cultural dictionaries. The three-volume "Ethnocultural dictionary of the Tatar language" (2015, 2016, 2017) with the translation of the Tatar language material into English deserves high praise for its great contribution to the developing linguistic and cultural lexicography. In contrast to the previously published ones, this dictionary confirms the relationship between language and culture with the help of visual examples. Most of the dictionary entries clearly reflect the national and cultural characteristics of the Tatars, and they are rich in additional information and associations, closely related to the history and material life of the people. Along with this, attention is paid to the units that belong to the outdated, but once occupied an important place layer of the Tatar language vocabulary (Oryzbaeva: 1997, pp.225-227).

   According to the authors, the vocabulary given in the dictionary articles related to food and its preparation, describing the features of clothing, clearly reflecting the national character, is a point of intersection of spiritual and material culture. The facts of fixing these units in Tatar dictionaries of the XIX–XX centuries, the peculiarities of their use in phraseological expressions, Proverbs and sayings, in songs and works of fiction help to determine the meaning of each unit in the Tatar ethnic-culture. The materials offered in the dictionary can be included in dictionaries of concepts of Tatar and Turkic cultures. The works that this reflect the rich lexical and cultural material undoubtedly deserve a worthy evaluation in the Turkic-Tatar lexicography.

   The time has come when the culture and traditions of the Tatar people should be known by others. In the context of expanding cooperation with different peoples, the Tatar-English ethnocultural dictionary is intended to serve to raise the authority of our Republic in the international arena (Nurmukhametova et al.: 2014, pp.670- 673).

4. 4. Works based on the national (Tatar) and foreign (English, Turkish, etc.) languages are also worthy of attention From the bilingual Tatar dictionaries. In the new century, English-Tatar (2007, 2014); Turkish-Tatar (2014) dictionaries were published; the "Dictionary of Muslim terminology" was compiled on the material of the Tatar and Arabic languages (2006).

"Tatar-Finnish dictionary" (2016), published in Helsinki (Finland), is a new phenomenon in Tatar lexicography. The authors of this work are Arto Moisio and Okan Daher. In our opinion, the appearance of this work was facilitated by the interest in the Finnish Tatars, their culture and language. As the story goes, their ancestors came from the Nizhny Novgorod Tatars (Sergach Mishars), they came to Finland in the late XIX – early XX century. The language material of the dictionary, although based on the dialect of the Kazan Tatars, contains, however, a sufficient number of lexical units that reflect the features of the dialect of the Finnish Tatars. The dictionary is quite voluminous (418 pages), the dictionary includes 11,000 Tatar words and phrases. "The publication covers the most common vocabulary of various spheres of the language - from colloquial words to journalistic vocabulary and popular science terminology" (Oner & Yusupova: 2017, pp.177- 181).

Observations show that the demand for translated dictionaries will not decrease in the future, since languages cannot exist in isolation in modern conditions. It is assumed that in the future, lexicographers will be tasked with developing dictionaries of the Tatar language using materials from various related languages.

Multilingual dictionaries will become the most relevant and popular in modern conditions of multilingual education.

Of course, the format of dictionaries will change in the future; modern environmental problems, the penetration of the Internet into all areas of everyday life, and the mass use of digital technologies will lead to the popularization of electronic, online dictionaries instead of "paper" ones. Currently, you can find electronic Tatar-Russian dictionaries, phrasebooks and translators on the Internet, and the number of users of these sources is growing every day. Undoubtedly, in this situation, the value of multilingual dictionaries will only increase.

CONCLUSION

This research is an initial stage on the existing topic since the research material was only selected dictionaries of the Tatar language of the XXI century. This topic has the potential to explore other types of dictionaries of the Tatar language. For example, works that involve simultaneous translation of a word into several foreign languages are also interesting. There are quite a large number of them today, and they also belong to the segment of translated Tatar lexicography of the language.

Acknowledgements

The work is performed according to the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University.

BIODATA

F.R SIBGAEVA: Born in 1982. Candidate of Philology. In 2006 she graduated from Kazan State University with a degree in Tatar Language and Literature, qualification of Philologist. Teacher". In 2009 she defended her thesis on the theme: “The concept of mahabbet (love) in the Tatar language picture of the world.” Associate Professor, Department of General Linguistics and Turkology, IFMK KFU. Research interests: Tatar language vocabulary, phraseology, linguoculturology, conceptology.

R.S NURMUKHAMETOVA: Born in 1968. Candidate of Philology. In 1992 she graduated from Kazan State University with a degree in Tatar Language and Literature, qualification of Philologist. Teacher of the Tatar language and literature. ” In 2005 she defended her thesis on the topic: "The main trends in the development of vocabulary of the Tatar literary language of the first half of the twentieth century." Associate Professor, Department of General Linguistics and Turkology, IFMK KFU. Research interests: vocabulary of the Tatar language, ethnolinguistics, linguoculturology, lexicography.

M.R SATTAROVA: Born in 1975. Candidate of Philology. In 1998 she graduated from the Department of Tatar Philology, History and Oriental Languages of Kazan State University, qualification: Philologist. Teacher of the Tatar language and literature. In 2001 she graduated from postgraduate study at KSU and in 2002 defended her thesis for the degree of candidate of philological sciences on the topic "Characterization of isogloss of phoneme [a] variants in the Tatar linguistic space". Associate Professor, Department of General Linguistics and Turkology, IFMK KFU. Research interests: areal linguistics, linguoculturology, ethnolinguistics.

U.A ZHAUYNBAYEVICH: Born in 1977. assistant Professor, candidate of philological Sciences. 1990-1995 higher education: Atyrau state University named after K. Dosmukhamedov faculty of Kazakh Philology, Kazakh language and literature. Qualification: Teacher of the Kazakh language and literature. 1998-2001 higher education: National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan Institute of linguistics named after A. Baitursynov, full-time postgraduate study. In 2001, he defended his PhD thesis in the specialty 10.02.02-Kazakh language on the topic "Comparative study of phonetic-areal features in the language of the Kazakh Diaspora in Mongolia". Head of the Department of Kazakh and Russian languages at Satbayev University (Kazakhstan, Almaty). Research Interests: dialectology, sociolinguistics, lexicography, phonetics, terminology of the Kazakh language, teaching the Kazakh language in the Russian audience.

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