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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rac</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Revista argentina de cardiología</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Rev Argent Cardiol</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">1850-3748</issn>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">0034-7000</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">00009</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7775/rac.es.v92.i6.20849</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>CARTA CIENTÍFICA</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Trasplante cardíaco en paciente cardiópata en estadio Fontan</article-title>
				<trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
					<trans-title>Heart Transplantation in a Cardiac Patient after the Fontan Procedure</trans-title>
				</trans-title-group>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7020-4269</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Nuñez</surname>
						<given-names>María F.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1b"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6962-8002</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Panella</surname>
						<given-names>Martín A.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Cornelis</surname>
						<given-names>Carlos J.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Sivori</surname>
						<given-names>Gustavo G.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-3320-5595</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Haag</surname>
						<given-names>Dora F.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-0097-0487</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>García Delucis</surname>
						<given-names>Pablo</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Trasplante -Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Trasplante</institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”</institution>
				<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="AR">Argentina</country>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff1b">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Trasplante -Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Trasplante</institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”</institution>
				<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="AR">Argentina</country>
				<email>maflorencianunez.91@gmail.com</email>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Área de Insuficiencia Cardíaca, Hipertensión Pulmonar y Trasplante Cardíaco - Servicio de Cardiología - Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv2">Área de Insuficiencia Cardíaca, Hipertensión Pulmonar y Trasplante Cardíaco</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servicio de Cardiología</institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”</institution>
				<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="AR">Argentina</country>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1">
					<label>Dirección para correspondencia:</label> María F. Nuñez - Correo electrónico: <email>maflorencianunez.91@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn1">
					<label>Declaración de conflicto de intereses</label>
					<p> Los autores declaran que no tienen conflicto de intereses. (Véase formulario de conflictos de interés del autor en la Web).</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<!--<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>20</day>
				<month>12</month>
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<season>Nov-Dec</season>
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>-->
			<pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
				<season>Nov-Dec</season>
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>92</volume>
			<issue>6</issue>
			<fpage>456</fpage>
			<lpage>458</lpage>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" xml:lang="es">
					<license-p>Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="2"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="6"/>
				<page-count count="3"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>Debido a las mejoras en el diagnóstico y en las técnicas quirúrgicas, incluso los pacientes con cardiopatías congénitas complejas pueden sobrevivir hasta la adultez con alto riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca terminal. Por lo tanto, el número de pacientes con cardiopatías congénitas que necesitan trasplante cardíaco ha aumentado en las últimas décadas.</p>
		<p>Para los portadores de cardiopatías con fisiología univentricular, la paliación por etapas que culmina con el <italic>bypass</italic> total de corazón derecho mediante el procedimiento de Fontan sigue siendo el estándar de oro en el tratamiento. Desafortunadamente, incluso el candidato ideal, con cirugía de Fontan “perfecta” y con un seguimiento adecuado, se ve sometido a un lento deterioro funcional con desarrollo de insuficiencia cardíaca progresiva, y supervivencia del 86 % a los 5 años y del 74 % a los 15 años.</p>
		<p>Los pacientes con cirugía de Fontan e insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada constituyen una cohorte de pacientes susceptibles de trasplante cardíaco. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</p>
		<p>Antes de definir ingresar a un paciente con <italic>bypass</italic> total de corazón derecho a lista de trasplante, debemos evaluar si existe la posibilidad de optimizar la circulación del circuito Glenn - Fontan a través de intervenciones hemodinámicas o quirúrgicas. De no ser posible, se comienza con la valoración pretrasplante.</p>
		<p>Al tratarse de pacientes intervenidos en múltiples ocasiones, suelen tener antecedentes de transfusiones de hemoderivados e implantes de material exógeno, lo que eleva los títulos de anticuerpos linfocito tóxicos; y de múltiples accesos vasculares, lo que predispone a trombosis de accesos vasculares.</p>
		<p>Respecto a la técnica quirúrgica propiamente dicha, a las dificultades propias de una reintervención (la mayoría tercera o cuarta esternotomía) se suman aspectos propios de la fisiopatología univentricular, por lo que se precisan variantes técnicas respecto de un paciente con fisiología biventricular. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>)</p>
		<p>Por estos motivos, el trasplante tras una cirugía de Fontan constituye un desafío no solo quirúrgico, sino desde el momento de la evaluación pretrasplante hasta el seguimiento postquirúrgico alejado. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>)</p>
		<p>Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 18 años, con diagnóstico de dextroisomerismo, atresia tricuspídea tipo II B, doble sistema cava superior y anomalía parcial del retorno venoso pulmonar.</p>
		<p>Como antecedentes quirúrgicos, se realizó anastomosis sistémico pulmonar izquierda y posteriormente derecha en etapa neonatal; y a los 3 años de edad cirugía de Glenn bilateral, cirugía de Fontan fenestrado con tubo de politetrafluoroetileno (PTFE) de 20 mm., corrección de la anomalía del retorno venoso y plástica de ambas ramas pulmonares, en un solo tiempo. A los 5 años se realizó cateterismo e intento de cierre de fenestra con Amplatzer™ cribiforme quedando con <italic>shunt</italic> residual, por lo que a los 8 años se colocó <italic>stent</italic> en el conducto para cierre de la misma.</p>
		<p>Evolucionó posteriormente con insuficiencia mitral grave lo que llevó a disfunción ventricular y finalmente insuficiencia cardíaca, motivo por el cuál ingresó a lista de trasplante cardíaco.</p>
		<p>En el ecocardiograma pretrasplante se constató heterotaxia, dextroisomerismo, tubo extracardíaco permeable con flujo bifásico velocidad 0,39 m/seg., fenestración cerrada sin cortocircuito residual, colector abocado con flujo laminar velocidad 0,49 m/seg., comunicación interauricular amplia, atresia de válvula aurículoventricular (AV) derecha, válvula AV izquierda con insuficiencia grave por coaptación, ventrículo único dilatado y trabeculado con disfunción moderada a severa, diámetro diastólico 8,5 cm., diámetro sistólico 6,8 cm., fracción de acortamiento 20 %, excursión sistólica del plano del anillo mitral (MAPSE) 9 mm., patrón de entrada E/A 0,7, ambos Glenn con flujo bifásico, velocidad 0,34 m/seg. el izquierdo y 0,5 m/seg. el derecho.</p>
		<p>Se realizó cateterismo pretrasplante que informó presiones en ambos Glenn y Fontan de 16 mmHg y en aorta 95/56 (63) mmHg. Se obtuvo una relación Qp/Qs de 0,96 y Rp/Rs de 0,07. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>)</p>
		<p>
			<fig id="f1">
				<label>Fig 1.</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Cateterismo pretransplante. a) Glenn derecho. b) Glenn izquierdo. c) Tubo extracardíaco con stent implantado para cierre de fenestra</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="1850-3748-rac-92-06-456-gf1.jpg"/>
			</fig>
		</p>
		<p>Se realizó estudio de panel de HLA con sensibilización del 18 % para el grupo I y del 37 % para el grupo II por lo que recibió gammaglobulina (3 dosis) y se programó plasmaféresis en circulación extracorpórea al momento del trasplante cardíaco.</p>
		<p>Dado el complejo escenario por las condiciones clínicas y anatómicas y los requerimientos de tecnologías médicas de alta complejidad, se realizó simulación de trasplante en quirófano contando con la presencia de cardiólogos, cirujanos cardiovasculares, técnicos de perfusión, licenciados en hemoterapia, anestesiólogos, licenciados en instrumentación quirúrgica y médicos intensivistas. Esto permitió optimizar tiempos y disminuir la posibilidad de errores y situaciones adversas, dado que no son prácticas que realizamos habitualmente en otros pacientes.</p>
		<p>El día del trasplante, se realizó canulación femoral y se ingresó a circulación extracorpórea por vía femoral por presentar adherencias del ventrículo único al esternón. Se realizó reesternotomía y se canuló Glenn izquierdo. Se llevó a paciente a hipotermia profunda, se clampeó la aorta y se realizó explante cardíaco. Posteriormente se realizó implante mediante anastomosis de casquete de la aurícula izquierda, arteria pulmonar y aorta. Se purgaron cavidades y se procedió a desclampear aorta. Se completó el implante mediante anastomosis de la vena cava inferior y ligadura de la vena cava superior dejando permeables ambas anastomosis cavo-pulmonares, Glenn bilateral (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
		<p>
			<fig id="f2">
				<label>Fig. 2</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Imágenes quirúrgicas. a) Ablación multiorgánica. b) Apertura, paciente ya en circulación extracorpórea por vía femoral y clampeado con lesión de cara anterior del ventrículo único. c) Cavidad mediastinal vacía, cánula de Glenn izquierdo. d) Corazón implantado, latiendo, aorta desclampeada.</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="1850-3748-rac-92-06-456-gf2.jpg"/>
			</fig>
		</p>
		<p>Durante la circulación extracorpórea se llevó a cabo el protocolo de plasmaféresis durante <italic>bypass</italic> cardiopulmonar, el cual está indicado para pacientes con trombocitopenia inducida por heparina (HIT), pacientes con síndrome antifosfolipídico y pacientes hipersensibilizados en lista de trasplante cardíaco como fue este caso.</p>
		<p>El paciente evolucionó favorablemente, extubándose a las 48 horas post trasplante. Continúa actualmente tratamiento ambulatorio con inmunosupresores, corticoides, diuréticos, antibióticos profilácticos e insulina por presentar diabetes secundaria a glucocorticoides.</p>
		<p>En el ecocardiograma control se observó función ventricular conservada, diámetro diastólico del ventrículo izquierdo 4,7 cm., diámetro sistólico 3 cm., fracción de acortamiento 36%, fracción de eyección por Simpson 65 %, excursión sistólica del plano del anillo mitral de 18 mm y del anillo tricuspídeo de 14,4 mm, ambos tractos de salida libres, válvula aórtica competente, válvula pulmonar con insuficiencia trivial, ambos Glenn con flujo conservado y pulsátil.</p>
		<p>Se realizó cateterismo con toma de biopsia a los 2 meses postoperatorios, sin signos compatibles con rechazo.</p>
		<p>Los pacientes con circulación univentricular suelen ser a largo plazo candidatos a trasplante cardíaco. Creemos que para lograr mejorar la calidad y el éxito del trasplante en pacientes con cardiopatías congénitas debemos realizar una adecuada selección y realizar planificación tanto pre como postoperatoria. La simulación de todos los operadores participantes del trasplante en nuestro caso, facilitó la organización y permitió optimizar los tiempos quirúrgicos.</p>
	</body>
	<back>
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	<!--<sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="en">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7775/rac.v92.i6.20849</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>SCIENTIFIC LETTER</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Heart Transplantation in a Cardiac Patient after the Fontan Procedure</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7020-4269</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Nuñez</surname>
						<given-names>María F.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6962-8002</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Panella</surname>
						<given-names>Martín A.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Cornelis</surname>
						<given-names>Carlos J.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Sivori</surname>
						<given-names>Gustavo G.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-3320-5595</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Haag</surname>
						<given-names>Dora F.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-0097-0487</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>García Delucis</surname>
						<given-names>Pablo</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff3">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="original"> Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation Service -Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires , Argentina.</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation Service</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<city>Autonomous City of Buenos Aires</city>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="AR">Argentina</country>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff4">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="original"> Area of Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Heart Transplantation - Cardiology Department - Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires , Argentina.</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv2">Area of Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Heart Transplantation</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Cardiology Department</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<city>Autonomous City of Buenos Aires</city>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="AR">Argentina</country>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c2">
					<label>Correspondence: </label>María F. Nuñez - Correo electrónico: <email>maflorencianunez.91@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn2">
					<label>Conflicts of interest </label>
					<p> None declared. (See conflicts of interest forms on the website).</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>As a result of advances in diagnosis and surgical techniques, even patients with complex congenital heart disease can survive into adulthood with a high risk of end-stage heart failure. Therefore, the number of patients with congenital heart disease requiring heart transplantation has increased in recent decades.</p>
			<p>For patients with single ventricle physiology heart disease, staged palliative operations culminating in the Fontan procedure which involves the complete bypass of the right heart remains the gold standard. Unfortunately, even the ideal candidate with a &quot;perfect&quot; Fontan surgery and adequate follow-up undergoes slow functional deterioration with development of progressive heart failure and a survival of 86% at 5 years and 74% at 15 years.</p>
			<p>Patients with Fontan surgery and advanced heart failure are a cohort of patients candidate for heart transplantation. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</p>
			<p>Before placing a patient with a complete right heart bypass on the transplantation list, the possibility of optimizing the Glenn-Fontan circulation by hemodynamic or surgical interventions should be considered. If this is not possible, the pre-transplantation assessment process should be initiated.</p>
			<p>As these patients have undergone multiple operations, they usually have a history of blood product transfusions and exogenous material implants, which increases the titers of lymphocytotoxic antibodies, as well as a history of multiple vascular accesses, which predisposes to thrombosis of the vascular accesses.</p>
			<p>Regarding the surgical technique, in addition to the difficulties inherent in reoperation (mostly third or fourth sternotomy), there are aspects of the univentricular pathophysiology that require technical variations compared to the biventricular physiology. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>)</p>
			<p>For these reasons, transplantation after Fontan surgery is a challenge not only from a surgical point of view, but also from the time of pre-transplantation assessment to the distant postoperative follow-up.</p>
			<p>We present the case of an 18-year-old patient diagnosed with dextroisomerism, type II B tricuspid atresia, double-sided superior vena cava and partial anomaly of pulmonary venous return. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>)</p>
			<p>Regarding surgical history, a left systemic-to-pulmonary anastomosis and later a right one were performed in neonatal stage. At the age of 3, the patient underwent bilateral Glenn surgery, Fontan surgery with fenestration with a 20 mm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) conduit, correction of the anomalous pulmonary venous return and plastic surgery of both pulmonary artery branches, in one-stage surgery. At the age of 5, the patient underwent catheterization and attempted fenestration closure with cribriform Amplatzer™ but had residual shunt; thus, at the age of 8, a stent was placed to close it.</p>
			<p>He then developed severe mitral regurgitation which led to ventricular dysfunction and eventually heart failure. As a result, he was placed on the heart transplantation list.</p>
			<p>The pre-transplantation echocardiogram showed heterotaxia, dextroisomerism, permeable extracardiac conduit (EC) with biphasic flow velocity of 0.39 m/sec, closed fenestration without residual shunt, collector with laminar flow velocity of 0.49 m/sec, wide atrial septal defect, right atrioventricular (AV) valve atresia, left AV valve with severe regurgitation caused by coaptation, single dilated and trabeculated ventricle with moderate to severe dysfunction, left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDD) 8.5 cm, left ventricular systolic diameter (LVSD) 6.8 cm, shortening fraction 20%, mitral annulus plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) 9 mm, E/A inflow pattern 0.7, bilateral Glenn procedure with biphasic flow, the left one with a velocity of 0.34 m/sec and the right one of 0.5 m/sec.</p>
			<p>Pre-transplantation catheterization was performed and showed pressures of 16 mmHg in bilateral Glenn and Fontan procedures and 95/56 (63) mmHg in aorta. A Qp/Qs ratio of 0.96 and a Rp/Rs ratio of 0.07 were obtained (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f3">
					<label>Fig 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Pre-transplantation catheterization. a) Right Glenn procedure. b) Left Glenn procedure. c) Extracardiac conduit with implanted stent to close fenestration.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="1850-3748-rac-92-06-456-gf3.jpg"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>An HLA panel study was performed and showed sensitization of 18% for group I and of 37% for group II, for which the patient received gamma globulin (3 doses), and plasmapheresis in extracorporeal circulation was programmed at the time of heart transplantation.</p>
			<p>Given the complexity of the setting due to the clinical and anatomical conditions and the requirements of highly complex medical technology, a transplantation simulation was performed in the operating room in the presence of cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, perfusionists, hematologists, anesthesiologists, surgical instrument technicians and intensivists. This allowed us to optimize time and reduce potential errors and adverse events, as these are not procedures we usually perform on other patients.</p>
			<p>On the day of transplantation, femoral cannulation was performed, and the patient was placed in extracorporeal circulation via the femoral route due to adhesions between the single ventricle and the sternum. Following re-sternotomy, left Glenn cannulation was carried out. The patient was placed in deep hypothermia, the aorta was clamped and the heart was explanted. Subsequently, implantation was performed by anastomoses of the left atrium, the pulmonary artery and the aorta. The cardiac cavities were purged, and the aorta was declamped. Implantation was completed by anastomosis of the inferior vena cava and ligation of the superior vena cava, leaving both cavopulmonary anastomoses permeable, bilateral Glenn. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 2</xref>)</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f4">
					<label>Fig. 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Surgical images. a) Multi-organ ablation. b) Opening; patient in extracorporeal circulation via femoral approach; clamping; lesion in the anterior wall of the single ventricle. c) Empty mediastinal cavity; left Glenn cannulation. d) Implanted beating heart and declamped aorta.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="1850-3748-rac-92-06-456-gf4.jpg"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>In extracorporeal circulation, the plasmapheresis protocol was followed during cardiopulmonary bypass, which is indicated for patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and hypersensitized patients who remain on the heart transplantation list, as in this case.</p>
			<p>The patient progressed favorably and was extubated 48 hours after transplantation. He is currently receiving outpatient treatment with immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, diuretics, prophylactic antibiotics and insulin for diabetes secondary to glucocorticoids.</p>
			<p>The control echocardiogram showed preserved ventricular function, LVDD 4.7 cm, LVSD 3 cm, shortening fraction 36%, left ventricular ejection fraction by Simpson method 65%, MAPSE 18 mm, tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) 14.4 mm, both outflow tracts free, competent aortic valve, trivial pulmonary valve regurgitation, bilateral Glenn with preserved and pulsatile flow.</p>
			<p>Catheterization and biopsy were performed 2 months after surgery and showed no signs compatible with rejection.</p>
			<p>Patients with univentricular circulation are usually candidates for heart transplantation in the long term. In our opinion, adequate patient selection and pre- and post-operative planning are necessary to improve the quality and success of transplantation in patients with congenital heart disease. Simulation with all the professionals involved in the transplantation made it easier to organize and optimize the operating time.</p>
		</body>
	</sub-article>-->
</article>