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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rac</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Revista argentina de cardiología</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Rev Argent Cardiol</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">1850-3748</issn>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">0034-7000</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">00010</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7775/rac.es.v92.i6.20840</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>CARTA DE LECTORES</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Importancia de los registros nacionales en cirugía cardíaca</article-title>
				<trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
					<trans-title>The Importance of National Registries in Cardiac Surgery</trans-title>
				</trans-title-group>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Avellaneda</surname>
						<given-names>Lucía B.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original">Servicio de Cardiología, Médica especialista en Ultrasonido Cardiovascular del Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servicio de Cardiología</institution>
					<institution content-type="normalized">Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="AR">Argentina</country>
					<email>lbavellaneda@icba.com.ar</email>
				</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1">
					<label>Dirección para correspondencia: </label>Lucia B. Avellaneda. Av. Del Libertador 6302. CABA, Argentina - Correo electrónico: <email>lbavellaneda@icba.com.ar</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn1">
					<p>Declaración de conflicto de interés Los autores declaran que no tienen conflictos de interés. (Véanse formularios de conflictos de interés de los autores en la Web).</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<!--<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>20</day>
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				<year>2024</year>
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				<season>Nov-Dec</season>
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>-->
			<pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
				<season>Nov-Dec</season>
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>92</volume>
			<issue>6</issue>
			<fpage>459</fpage>
			<lpage>460</lpage>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" xml:lang="es">
					<license-p>Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="0"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="5"/>
				<page-count count="2"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>La cirugía de revascularización miocárdica (CRM) sigue siendo un método ampliamente utilizado para el tratamiento de la enfermedad coronaria, gracias a sus beneficios a largo plazo, especialmente en pacientes con enfermedad de múltiples vasos, compromiso de la arteria descendente anterior proximal, enfermedad del tronco coronario izquierdo, así como en aquellos con diabetes y los que tienen disfunción ventricular izquierda moderada a grave, con fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda &lt; 35 %. A pesar de que persisten interrogantes sobre su efecto en la reducción de la mortalidad por todas las causas en comparación con el tratamiento médico óptimo, las guías actuales de cardiología continúan posicionando la CRM como la opción de elección para estos pacientes. Además, enfatizan la necesidad de individualizar el riesgo perioperatorio en todos los casos y de considerar la decisión de los pacientes en conjunto con el <italic>Heart Team.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</p>
		<p>Es fundamental para la toma de decisiones en esta población conocer los resultados locales, ya que la heterogeneidad socioeconómica puede invalidar la extrapolación de datos de registros internacionales. En este contexto, el estudio titulado <italic>Cirugía de revascularización miocárdica en Argentina. Subanálisis del Registro ARGEN-CCV</italic> de Alustiza y cols. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>) proporciona información valiosa sobre la situación actual de la CRM en el país. Este es el primer registro nacional realizado una década después del anterior, CONAREC XVI. Este subanálisis del ARGEN-CCV, que incluyó a 700 pacientes, reveló una mortalidad intrahospitalaria más elevada en comparación con registros internacionales (6,9 % frente a 2,5 % del STS 2022) y un aumento respecto al registro nacional previo (4,3 %). Además, se observó una mortalidad significativamente mayor en pacientes con disfunción ventricular izquierda en comparación con aquellos sin este antecedente (13,1 % frente a 5,1 %).</p>
		<p>En parte, este aumento en la mortalidad podría atribuirse a que el registro se llevó a cabo durante la pandemia de COVID-19, periodo durante el cual, como indican los autores y diversos estudios, se incrementó la mortalidad cardiovascular, disminuyeron drásticamente las cirugías cardiovasculares programadas y aumentó notablemente la relación de mortalidad postoperatoria observada/esperada. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>)</p>
		<p>No obstante, es importante considerar la disparidad existente en los resultados postoperatorios entre diferentes centros en Argentina, algunos de los cuales han reportado resultados individuales comparables a registros internacionales. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>)</p>
		<p>Estas diferencias podrían justificarse en parte por la desigualdad socioeconómica que existe en Argentina (Coeficiente de Gini= 0,46 en el primer trimestre de 2024), que ha sido asociada a un aumento significativo en la mortalidad intrahospitalaria postoperatoria en cirugía cardiovascular, según un estudio reciente. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>) Los pacientes de menor ingreso por hogar presentaron menor tasa de seguros de cobertura de salud, mayor tasa de cirugías de urgencia, mayor tasa de comorbilidades y menor acceso a la salud en centros especializados. </p>
		<p>Es imperativo continuar los esfuerzos en la creación de registros nacionales, como el publicado, que reflejen la realidad de la cirugía cardiovascular en Argentina. Esto es fundamental para apoyar la toma de decisiones informadas en el manejo de estos pacientes.</p>
	</body>
	<back>
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		<fn-group>
			<title>Consideraciones éticas</title>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
				<p>No aplicable.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<app-group>
      <app id="app01">
          	<label>Respuesta de los autores</label>
      <p>Agradecemos mucho a la Dra. Avellaneda por su comentario sobre nuestro artículo. Entendemos que el mismo nos permite conocer en qué situación están nuestros indicadores de calidad de atención, impactados por el nivel socioeconómico, la educación, la formación médica, la falta de control de excelencia de los resultados y prioridades de acciones políticas, que demuestra la heterogeneidad de los resultados en diferentes puntos de nuestro país.</p>
			<p>Analizando los resultados de mortalidad, muy por encima de los indicadores aceptados del 5 %, se pone en evidencia la inequidad de una sociedad vulnerable, que accede a este procedimiento en tan solo el 8,9 % (62 pacientes de 700) en el servicio público, y de ellos una gran proporción en condición de complejidad (urgencia /emergencia), con falta de accionar del segundo nivel de atención primaria (diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento oportuno) y de organismos controladores de resultados, en los diferentes centros de accionar quirúrgico. Los pacientes sometidos a la cirugía de revascularización se consideran la población más grave, con mayor proporción en enfermedad de tronco de coronaria izquierda (38 %, en registros previos solo el 19 %), diabetes en el 38 %, IAM de menos de 30 días en el 19 %, e insuficiencia cardiaca y variables no contempladas en registros previos, como la fragilidad. Esto se debe a que los procedimientos endovasculares se extienden a tratar pacientes cada vez más complejos, dejando solo para el acto quirúrgico a aquellos de extrema gravedad. Esto a la vez torna muy dificultoso encasillarlos en los cálculos de mortalidad predicha, ya que hay variables que no se contemplan en los scores (STS, EuroSCORE, ArgenSCORE) como por ejemplo la proporción de fibrosis miocárdica, fragilidad, etc., todos ellos predictores independientes de mortalidad.</p>
			<p>A pesar de que existen centros quirúrgicos que mantienen los indicadores de calidad de atención en niveles de excelencia, esta no es la realidad del país. El estudio <italic>Cirugía de revascularización miocárdica en Argentina. Subanálisis del Registro ARGEN-CCV</italic>, presenta datos genuinos, de una realidad cruda y heterogénea en nuestra querida República Argentina, donde debemos trabajar. Como tan bien dice la Dra. Avellaneda es imperativo continuar con el registro de datos propios, para encarar las necesarias mejoras del sistema de salud. </p>
			<p>Tal como decía el Dr. René Favaloro, &quot;Cada día hay que tratar de hacer lo mejor para uno, la familia, y la sociedad. Lo que va a quedar es el recuerdo&quot;.</p>
			<p>Walter Alustiza MTSAC, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8915-713X</p>
      </app>
</app-group>
	</back>
	<!--<sub-article article-type="translation" id="s2" xml:lang="en">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>LETTERS FROM READERS</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>The Importance of National Registries in Cardiac Surgery</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Avellaneda</surname>
						<given-names>Lucía B.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff2">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original"> Cardiology Unit , Physician Specialist in Cardiovascular Ultrasound at the Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires. Autonomous City of Buenos Aires , Argentina.</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<city>Autonomous City of Buenos Aires</city>
					</addr-line>
					<country>Argentina</country>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c2">
					<label>Correspondence:</label> Lucia B. Avellaneda. Av. del Libertador 6302. CABA, Argentina. E-mail: <email>lbavellaneda@icba.com.ar</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn4">
					<p>Conflicts of interest None declared. (See authors’ conflicts of interest forms on the web)</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains a widely used surgery to treat coronary artery disease, thanks to its long-term benefits, especially in patients with multi-vessel disease, proximal left anterior descending artery involvement, left main coronary artery disease, and also in patients with diabetes and moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction, with left ventricular ejection fraction &lt;35%. While its effects on reducing all-cause mortality versus optimal medical therapy are still unknown, current cardiology guidelines continue to position CABG as the first-choice option for these patients. In addition, they emphasize the need to perform an individual assessment of perioperative risks in all cases and to consider the patient's decision together with the Heart Team. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">1</xref>)</p>
			<p>Awareness of local outcomes is essential for decision-making in this population, since heterogeneous socioeconomic backgrounds may override the extrapolation of data from international registries. In this context, the study titled <italic>Cirugía de revascularización miocárdica en Argentina. Subanálisis del Registro ARGEN-CCV (Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Argentina. Subanalysis of the ARGEN-CCV Registry) by Alustiza et al.,</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">2</xref>) provides valuable information on the current situation of CABG in this country. This is the first national registry conducted a decade after the previous registry, CONAREC XVI. This ARGEN-CCV subanalysis, which included 700 patients, revealed a higher in-hospital mortality than international registries (6.9% vs. 2.5% of STS 2022) and an increase compared to the previous national registry (4.3%). In addition, a significantly higher mortality was observed in patients with left ventricular dysfunction versus those without a history of this condition (13.1% vs. 5.1%).</p>
			<p>This increase in mortality could be partly due to the fact that the registry was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, when, as the authors and several studies point out, cardiovascular mortality increased, scheduled cardiovascular surgeries were dramatically reduced, and the observed/expected postoperative mortality ratio increased notably. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">3</xref>)</p>
			<p>However, it is important to consider the existing discrepancy in terms of postoperative results across different sites in Argentina, some of which have reported individual results comparable to international registries. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">4</xref>) These differences could be partly explained by the socioeconomic inequality in Argentina (Gini coefficient = 0.46 in the first quarter of 2024), which has been associated with a significant increase in postoperative in-hospital mortality after cardiovascular surgery, according to a recent study. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">5</xref>) Patients with lower household income had a lower rate of health insurance coverage, a higher rate of emergency surgery, a higher rate of comorbidities and less access to health care in specialized institutions. </p>
			<p>Continued efforts are essential to develop national registries, such as the one above, reflecting the cardiovascular surgery scenario in Argentina. This is vital to support informed decisions when managing these patients.</p>
		</body>
		<back>
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			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
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					<p>Ethical considerations Not applicable.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
		<sub-article article-type="reply" id="s3" xml:lang="en">
			<front-stub>
				<article-categories>
					<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
						<subject>Articles</subject>
					</subj-group>
				</article-categories>
				<title-group>
					<article-title>Authors' Reply</article-title>
				</title-group>
				<contrib-group>
					<contrib contrib-type="author">
						<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8915-713X</contrib-id>
						<name>
							<surname>Alustiza</surname>
							<given-names>Walter</given-names>
						</name>
						<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn6"><sup>MTSAC</sup></xref>
					</contrib>
				</contrib-group>
			</front-stub>
			<body>
				<p>We are very grateful to Dr. Avellaneda for her comments on our article. We are aware that it allows us to know about the situation of our quality of care indicators, impacted by socioeconomic level, education, medical training, lack of control of top-quality results and urgent political actions, showing that results can be heterogeneous across the country.</p>
				<p>Analysis of mortality results, well above the accepted 5% indicators, evidences the inequity of a vulnerable society, with just 8.9% having access to this procedure (62 out of 700 patients) in the public sector, and a large proportion of them in a complex condition (urgency/emergency), with absence of actions by the second-level of primary care (early diagnosis and timely treatment) and by outcome controlling entities in different surgery institutions. Patients undergoing revascularization surgery are considered the most severe population, with a higher proportion of them experiencing left main coronary artery disease (38% versus only 19% in previous registries), diabetes in 38%, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in less than 30 days in 19%, and heart failure and variables omitted in previous registries, such as frailty. This is because endovascular procedures are now used to treat increasingly complex patients, leaving surgery only for extremely severe cases. This also makes it very difficult to classify them based on predicted mortality estimations, since some variables are not included in the scores (STS, EuroSCORE, ArgenSCORE), for example, the proportion of myocardial fibrosis, fragility, etc., all independent mortality predictors.</p>
				<p>Although there are surgery institutions that maintain optimal quality of care indicators, this is not the case in the entire country. The <italic>Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Argentina. Subanalysis of the ARGEN-CCV Registry Study</italic> shows true data on a harsh and heterogeneous reality in our beloved Argentine Republic, where we all work. As Dr. Avellaneda says so well, it is essential to continue working on our own data registry to introduce any necessary improvements required by the health system. </p>
				<p>As Dr. René Favaloro used to say, &quot;You should always do your best for yourself, your family, and society. Memories are all we have&quot;.</p>
				<sig-block>
					<sig>Walter Alustiza MTSAC, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8915-713X</sig>
				</sig-block>
			</body>
		</sub-article>
	</sub-article>-->
</article>