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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rac</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Revista argentina de cardiología</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Rev Argent Cardiol</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">0034-7000</issn>
			<issn pub-type="epub">1850-3748</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7775/rac.es.v93.i1.2085</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">00003</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Detección de daño cardíaco subclínico mediante ecocardiografía en una población de hipertensos con alta prevalencia de obesidad: discrepancias observadas según el método de indexación empleado</article-title>
				<trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
					<trans-title>Detection of Subclinical Cardiac Damage by Echocardiography in a Hypertensive Population with a High Prevalence of Obesity: Discrepancies According to the Indexing Method Used</trans-title>
				</trans-title-group>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-7023-6249</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>TRAVETTO</surname>
						<given-names>CAROLINA M.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8238-6119</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>ARGENTO</surname>
						<given-names>LAURA V.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1b"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>MTSAC</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				</contrib-group>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original"> Servicio de Cardiología, Sanatorio Clínica Modelo de Morón, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servicio de Cardiología</institution>
					<institution content-type="normalized">Sanatorio Clínica Modelo de Morón</institution>
					<addr-line>
						 <named-content content-type="city">Buenos Aires</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="AR">Argentina</country>
					<email>carolinatravetto@hotmail.com</email>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff1b">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original"> Servicio de Cardiología, Sanatorio Clínica Modelo de Morón, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servicio de Cardiología</institution>
					<institution content-type="normalized">Sanatorio Clínica Modelo de Morón</institution>
					<addr-line>
						 <named-content content-type="city">Buenos Aires</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="AR">Argentina</country>
				</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1">
					<label>Dirección para correspondencia:</label> Carolina M. Travetto, RO del Uruguay 224, Morón, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Correo electrónico: <email>carolinatravetto@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
					<label>MTSAC</label>
					<p>Miembro Titular de la Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn4">
					<label>Declaración de conflicto de intereses</label>
					<p> Los autores declaran no tener conflicto de intereses. (Véase formularios de conflictos de interés de los autores en la Web).</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<!--<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>26</day>
				<month>02</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<season>Jan-Feb</season>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>-->
			<pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
				<season>Jan-Feb</season>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>93</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<fpage>6</fpage>
			<lpage>14</lpage>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>16</day>
					<month>01</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>03</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="es">
					<license-p>Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>RESUMEN</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Introducción:</title>
					<p> Los índices alométricos basados en la altura mejoran la detección de daño de órgano blanco cardíaco en hipertensos con sobrepeso/obesidad versus la indexación por superficie corporal; sin embargo su uso no es habitual en la práctica diaria.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Objetivo:</title>
					<p> Comparar la prevalencia de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda y/o agrandamiento auricular izquierdo según el método de indexación ecocardiográfico empleado, y estimar el nivel de concordancia observado y el porcentaje de individuos que resulta reclasificado.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Material y métodos:</title>
					<p> Estudio descriptivo, observacional y prospectivo. Se incluyeron 150 adultos con hipertensión arterial. La masa ventricular izquierda se indexó por superficie corporal y altura<sup>2,7</sup>. El volumen auricular izquierdo máximo se indexó por superficie corporal y altura<sup>2</sup>. Se realizó análisis por subgrupos según categorías de índice de masa corporal. El grado de concordancia entre métodos se evaluó con el índice Kappa (k).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Resultados:</title>
					<p> Edad media 57,1 años, 62,7% mujeres, 58,7% con obesidad. La prevalencia de hipertrofia ventricular y agrandamiento auricular izquierdo fue mayor con la indexación basada en la altura. El nivel de concordancia para la detección de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda con ambos índices fue considerable (k=0,76) y pobre para la detección de agrandamiento auricular izquierdo (k=0,23), con mayor discrepancia entre métodos a mayor índice de masa corporal. Un tercio de los sujetos fue reclasificado respecto de la presencia de daño cardíaco empleando la indexación basada en la altura.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusión:</title>
					<p> La indexación de estructuras cardíacas por superficie corporal subestima la presencia de daño de órgano blanco en hipertensos con sobrepeso/obesidad. Sugerimos considerar el uso sistemático de la indexación basada en la altura en sujetos con hipertensión arterial.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
				<title>ABSTRACT</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Background:</title>
					<p> Allometric height-based indexing improves the detection of cardiac target organ damage in overweight/obese hypertensives versus body surface area-based indexing; however, its use is not common in daily practice.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Objective: </title>
					<p>To compare the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy and/or left atrial enlargement according to the echocardiographic indexing method used, and to estimate the level of agreement and the percentage of reclassified subjects.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Methods: </title>
					<p>Descriptive, observational and prospective study. We included 150 adults with hypertension. Left ventricular mass was indexed to body surface area and height<sup>2,7</sup>. Maximum left atrial volume was indexed to body surface area and height<sup>2</sup>. Subgroup analysis was performed according to body mass index categories. The degree of agreement between methods was evaluated with the Kappa index (k).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Results: </title>
					<p>Mean age was 57.1 years, 62.7% were women, 58.7% were obese. The prevalence of ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial enlargement was higher with height-based indexing. The level of agreement for the detection of left ventricular hypertrophy with both indices was considerable (k=0.76) but poor for the detection of left atrial enlargement (k=0.23). The discrepancy between the methods was greater at higher body mass index. One third of the subjects were reclassified regarding the presence of cardiac target organ damage by using height-based indexing.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusion: </title>
					<p>Cardiac structures indexed to body surface area underestimate the presence of target organ damage in overweight/obese hypertensive subjects. We suggest considering the systematic use of height-based indexing in hypertensive subjects.</p>
				</sec>
			</trans-abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="es">
				<title>PALABRAS CLAVE:</title>
				<kwd>Obesidad</kwd>
				<kwd>Hipertensión</kwd>
				<kwd>Ecocardiografía</kwd>
				<kwd>Métodos de indexación</kwd>
				<kwd>Hipertrofia cardiosvascular izquierda</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Key words:</title>
				<kwd> Obesity</kwd>
				<kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
				<kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
				<kwd>Indexing methods</kwd>
				<kwd>Left ventricular hypertrophy</kwd>
				<kwd>Cardiovascular diag nostic techniques</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="2"/>
				<table-count count="4"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="28"/>
				<page-count count="9"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>INTRODUCCIÓN</title>
			<p>La detección precoz de daño de órgano blanco (DOB) cardíaco subclínico resulta fundamental para la estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular global del paciente hipertenso y tiene implicancias directas en la adecuación del tratamiento, el valor de presión arterial (PA) objetivo y el plazo para conseguirlo, así como la elección de la clase de fármacos que se espera genere el mayor beneficio terapéutico. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
			</p>
			<p>La normalización de las cavidades cardíacas empleando índices alométricos basados en la altura (IAH) mejora la detección del DOB en sujetos con hipertensión arterial (HTA) y sobrepeso u obesidad en comparación con la indexación por superficie corporal (ISC). Si bien esto ha sido incorporado en las guías internacionales, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> su uso en la práctica clínica no es extendido, lo que podría deberse a diversos factores, entre ellos, desconocimiento, hábito o dificultad técnica por la falta de paquetes de cálculos apropiados para esta población en la mayoría de los equipos ecocardiográficos.</p>
			<p>Tanto la HTA como la obesidad promueven en forma independiente el remodelado e hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI), actuando en forma sinérgica. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> El aumento de la masa ventricular en los sujetos no hipertensos guarda relación con el peso y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref> y la presencia de HVI vinculada a la obesidad es un predictor independiente de eventos cardiovasculares. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> Asimismo, la obesidad <italic>per se</italic>, puede promover el agrandamiento de cavidades auriculares - en un subanálisis del estudio MONICA/KORA, la obesidad fue el predictor independiente más importante, luego del envejecimiento, en la incidencia de agrandamiento auricular izquierdo (AAI). <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref>
			</p>
			<p>Habida cuenta de que, en el contexto de la actual pandemia de obesidad, que en algunas regiones alcanza una prevalencia cercana al 60% en la población mayor de 20 años, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref> el 75% de la incidencia de la HTA estaría directamente relacionada con el exceso de peso, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref> nos preguntamos con qué frecuencia el empleo de la IAH, en comparación con la ISC, conduce a la reclasificación de los sujetos respecto de la presencia de DOB en función de su grado de obesidad. Este conocimiento resulta de importancia para dimensionar el nivel de error al que nos exponemos cuando no adoptamos los índices apropiados.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec>
			<title>OBJETIVOS</title>
			<p>Comparar la prevalencia de DOB, definido como HVI y/o AAI, según el método de indexación ecocardiográfico empleado, y estimar el nivel de concordancia entre los métodos y el porcentaje de individuos que resulta reclasificado según el grado de obesidad.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="materials|methods">
			<title>MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS</title>
			<p>Entre enero de 2020 y diciembre de 2021 se evaluaron en forma prospectiva adultos mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de HTA en tratamiento - farmacológico o no farmacológico - derivados para la realización de un ecocardiograma Doppler. Se excluyeron los sujetos con otros antecedentes cardiovasculares o comorbilidades de relevancia con excepción de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, HTA secundaria conocida, embarazo, hallazgos ecocardiográficos compatibles con valvulopatía significativa, cardiopatía estructural de otro origen o disfunción sistólica. A todos se les realizó una historia clínica completa, se registraron peso, altura (H) y PA. Se estimó la superficie corporal (SC) mediante fórmula de Du Bois y Du Bois (SC [m<sup>2</sup>] = 0,007184 x H [cm]<sup>0,725</sup> x peso [kg]<sup>0,425</sup>). El IMC fue calculado según la fórmula: IMC [kg/m<sup>2</sup>]= Peso (kg) ÷ H (m)<sup>2</sup>. La PA fue medida en posición sentada, luego de 5 minutos de reposo, empleando un tensiómetro automático (Omron MODELO Hem 7142, Omron Corporation). Se realizaron 2 mediciones consecutivas, con un intervalo de 2 minutos entre cada una y se promediaron los valores. Se definió PA controlada al momento del estudio a la presencia de PA sistólica &lt;140 mmHg y PA diastólica &lt;90 mmHg. El ecocardiograma Doppler fue realizado inmediatamente luego de la medición de la PA.</p>
			<sec>
				<title>Ecocardiografía </title>
				<p>Se utilizó un equipo Mindray M9 con sonda SP5-1s. Los diámetros de cavidades cardíacas y patrones de remodelado fueron evaluados acorde a las recomendaciones de las guías ASE. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>) El modo M fue utilizado para medir los diámetros del ventrículo izquierdo (VI). La fracción de eyección del VI (FEVI) se estimó mediante el método de Simpson biplano. La masa ventricular izquierda (MVI) fue calculada según la fórmula de Devereux e indexada por SC y H<sup>2,7</sup>. El espesor parietal relativo fue calculado según la fórmula: 2 x pared posterior del VI en diástole/diámetro diastólico del VI (DDVI), y se consideró aumentado un valor ≥ 0,42. Los volúmenes de la aurícula izquierda (AI) se valoraron desde la vista de 2 y 4 cámaras apical con método de Simpson biplano modificado. En cada caso, se realizaron 2 mediciones, que fueron promediadas. Los valores absolutos fueron indexados según SC y H<sup>2</sup>. En la <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabla 1</xref> se presentan los valores de corte utilizados para cada determinación. La elección de estos índices alométricos, en lugar de otros, fue realizada en base a la evidencia que sostiene su empleo y las recomendaciones de las guías internacionales. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>)</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t1">
						<label>TABLA 1:</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Límites de corte empleados en las mediciones ecocardiográficas indexadas.</title>
						</caption>
						<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr style="border: 0; background-color:#ab0534;color:#ffffff;">
									<th align="left">Variable</th>
									<th align="center">Hombres</th>
									<th align="center">Mujeres</th>
									<th align="center">Referencia</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">MVI/SC (gr/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
									<td align="center">≤ 115</td>
									<td align="center">≤ 95</td>
									<td align="center">3, 4</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">MVI/H<sup>2,7</sup> (g/m<sup>2,7</sup>)</td>
									<td align="center">≤ 50</td>
									<td align="center">≤ 47</td>
									<td align="center">5-8</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">VAI/SC (mL/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
									<td align="center">≤ 34</td>
									<td align="center">≤ 34</td>
									<td align="center">5-8</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">VAI/H<sup>2</sup> (mL/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
									<td align="center">≤ 18,5</td>
									<td align="center">≤ 16,5</td>
									<td align="center">5-8</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN1">
								<p><italic>H: altura; MVI: masa ventricular izquierda; SC: superficie corporal; VAI: volumen auricular izquierdo máximo.</italic></p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Análisis estadístico</title>
				<p> Las variables cualitativas se presentan como frecuencia absoluta y porcentaje, y las variables cuantitativas como mediana y rango intercuartílico (RIC 25-75) o media y desviación estándar (DE), según la distribución de los datos. Se analizó la distribución de las variables en el total de la población y por subgrupos de IMC (&lt;25, 25-29,9, 30-34,9, ≥35 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). La comparación de variables discretas se realizó con la prueba de chi cuadrado con corrección de Fisher. La comparación de variables continuas se realizó con método de Kruskal-Wallis o ANOVA, según correspondiera. La comparación de la prevalencia de HVI/AAI/DOB entre un método y otro se realizó con prueba binomial para datos apareados. El grado de concordancia para la clasificación de presencia/ausencia de DOB cardíaco subclínico entre diferentes métodos de indexación fue evaluado con el índice Kappa de Cohen (k), considerando que un valor de 1 representa un acuerdo perfecto en la clasificación de cada caso y un valor 0 indica un acuerdo no mayor al esperado por azar. En las pruebas de hipótesis se utilizó un nivel de significación estadística de 0,05 (prueba bilateral). El procesamiento de los datos se realizó con los <italic>softwares</italic> EpiInfo versión 7.2.5.0 (CDC, Atlanta) y EpiDat versión 4.2 (Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia, España; OPS, Washington; Universidad CES, Colombia. Disponible en: http://www.sergas.es/Saude-publica/EPIDAT).</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Consideraciones éticas</title>
				<p> El estudio fue evaluado por un Comité de Ética en Investigación independiente. Se solicitó consentimiento informado a los participantes previo a su inclusión. La investigación fue conducida en acuerdo a los principios de la Declaración de Helsinki.</p>
			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="results">
			<title>RESULTADOS</title>
			<p>Se incluyeron un total de 150 sujetos. La edad media fue 57,1 años (DE 12,6); 62,7% eran mujeres, 58,7% eran obesos; 94% recibía tratamiento farmacológico. Las características clínicas y ecocardiográficas poblacionales se presentan en las <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tablas 2</xref> y <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">3</xref>. La MVI no indexada e indexada por H<sup>2,7</sup>, y el volumen auricular izquierdo máximo (VAI) no indexado o indexado por H<sup>2</sup> presentaron valores mayores en los grupos con mayor nivel de obesidad, mientras que la MVI y el VAI indexados por SC no mostraron diferencias entre los grupos según el IMC.</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t2">
					<label>TABLA 2:</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Características clínicas de la población incluida en el estudio según categorías de índice de masa corporal (IMC)</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr style="border: 0; background-color:#ab0534;color:#ffffff;">
								<th align="left"> </th>
								<th align="center">Global n = 150</th>
								<th align="center">&lt;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> n = 21</th>
								<th align="center">25-29,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup> n = 41</th>
								<th align="center">30-34,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup> n = 58</th>
								<th align="center">≥35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> n =30</th>
								<th align="center"> p</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">Edad (años)</td>
								<td align="center">57,10 (12,66)</td>
								<td align="center">60,57 (15,35)</td>
								<td align="center">56,00 (11,40)</td>
								<td align="center">57,84 (12,84)</td>
								<td align="center">54,73 (11,88)</td>
								<td align="center">0,389</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">Mujer</td>
								<td align="center">94 (62,67%)</td>
								<td align="center">16 (76,19%)</td>
								<td align="center">23 (56,10%)</td>
								<td align="center">32 (55,17 %)</td>
								<td align="center">23 (76,67%)</td>
								<td align="center">0,097</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">Diabetes mellitus</td>
								<td align="center">39 (26,00%)</td>
								<td align="center">1 (4,76%)</td>
								<td align="center">9 (21,95%)</td>
								<td align="center">17 (29,31%)</td>
								<td align="center">12 (40,00%)</td>
								<td align="center">0,034</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">Tabaquismo activo o pasado</td>
								<td align="center">65 (43,33%)</td>
								<td align="center">7 (33,33%)</td>
								<td align="center">17 (41,46%)</td>
								<td align="center">24 (41,38%)</td>
								<td align="center">17 (56,67%)</td>
								<td align="center">0,365</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">Dislipidemia</td>
								<td align="center">78 (52,00%)</td>
								<td align="center">16 (76,19%)</td>
								<td align="center">17 (41,46%)</td>
								<td align="center">33 (56,90%)</td>
								<td align="center">12 (40,00%)</td>
								<td align="center">0,028</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">Peso (kg)</td>
								<td align="center">84,37 (16,33)</td>
								<td align="center">61,23 (8,31)</td>
								<td align="center">77,31 (9,12)</td>
								<td align="center">88,87 (11,08)</td>
								<td align="center">101,48 (12,88)</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">Altura (m)</td>
								<td align="center">1,64 (0,09)</td>
								<td align="center">1,63 (0,09)</td>
								<td align="center">1,66 (0,09)</td>
								<td align="center">1,66 (0,10)</td>
								<td align="center">1,60 (0,08)</td>
								<td align="center">0,039</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">SC (m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
								<td align="center">1,90 (0,21)</td>
								<td align="center">1,66 (0,16)</td>
								<td align="center">1,85 (0,17)</td>
								<td align="center">1,96 (0,18)</td>
								<td align="center">2,01 (0,16)</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">IMC (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
								<td align="center">31,22 (5,62)</td>
								<td align="center">22,94 (1,57)</td>
								<td align="center">27,7 (1,27)</td>
								<td align="center">32,3 (1,48)</td>
								<td align="center">39,7 (3,20)</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">Diagnóstico de HTA mayor a 1 año</td>
								<td align="center">115 (76,67%)</td>
								<td align="center">16 (76,19%)</td>
								<td align="center">19 (70,73%)</td>
								<td align="center">47 (81,03%)</td>
								<td align="center">23 (76,67%)</td>
								<td align="center">0,698</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">Tratamiento farmacológico</td>
								<td align="center">141 (94,00%)</td>
								<td align="center">19 (90,48%)</td>
								<td align="center">36 (87,80%)</td>
								<td align="center">57 (98,28%)</td>
								<td align="center">29 (96,67%)</td>
								<td align="center">0,138</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="justify">PAS (mmHg)</td>
								<td align="center">136,14 (15,53)</td>
								<td align="center">138,66 (19,80)</td>
								<td align="center">135,78 (13,09)</td>
								<td align="center">136,06 (14,89)</td>
								<td align="center">135,00 (17,05)</td>
								<td align="center">0,866</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="justify">PAD (mmHg)</td>
								<td align="center">85,61 (9,03)</td>
								<td align="center">85,38 (9,22)</td>
								<td align="center">86,31 (8,69)</td>
								<td align="center">85,03 (9,70)</td>
								<td align="center">85,93 (8,35)</td>
								<td align="center">0,912</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="justify">PAM (mmHg)</td>
								<td align="center">102,38 (9,45)</td>
								<td align="center">103,10 (10,51)</td>
								<td align="center">102,77 (7,88)</td>
								<td align="center">101,91 (9,97)</td>
								<td align="center">102,25 (10,05)</td>
								<td align="center">0,952</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">Presión de Pulso (mmHg)</td>
								<td align="center">50,52 (14,39)</td>
								<td align="center">53,28 (18,56)</td>
								<td align="center">49,46 (14,26)</td>
								<td align="center">51,03 (13,3)</td>
								<td align="center">49,06 (13,67)</td>
								<td align="center">0,715</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">PA controlada</td>
								<td align="center">65 (43,33%)</td>
								<td align="center">9 (42,86%)</td>
								<td align="center">16 (39,02%)</td>
								<td align="center">25 (43,10%)</td>
								<td align="center">15 (50,00%)</td>
								<td align="center">0,836</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">FC (lpm)</td>
								<td align="center">73,88 (13,31)</td>
								<td align="center">72,14 (10,38)</td>
								<td align="center">71,73 (12,73)</td>
								<td align="center">75,08 (15,21)</td>
								<td align="center">75,7 (11,98)</td>
								<td align="center">0,486</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN2">
							<p><italic>FC: frecuencia cardíaca; HTA: hipertensión arterial; IMC: índice de masa corporal; LPM: latidos por minuto; PA: presión arterial; PAD: presión arterial diastólica; PAM: presión arterial media; PAS: presión arterial sistólica; SC: Superficie corporal. Las variables cuantitativas se expresan como media (DE) y las categóricas como frecuencia absoluta (%).</italic></p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t3">
					<label>TABLA 3:</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Características ecocardiográficas de la población incluida en el estudio según categorías de índice de masa corporal.</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr style="border: 0; background-color:#ab0534;color:#ffffff;">
								<th align="left"> </th>
								<th align="center">Global n = 150</th>
								<th align="center">&lt; 25 kg/m2 n = 21</th>
								<th align="center">25-29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup> n = 41</th>
								<th align="center">30-34.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup> n = 58</th>
								<th align="center"> ≥35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> n =30</th>
								<th align="center"> p</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">DDVI (cm)</td>
								<td align="center">4,63 (4,34-4,99)</td>
								<td align="center">4,44 (4,30-4,76)</td>
								<td align="center">4,59 (4,23-4,94)</td>
								<td align="left">4,64 (4,40-4,90)</td>
								<td align="center">4,89 (4,50-5,57)</td>
								<td align="center">0,032</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">SIV (cm)</td>
								<td align="center">1,03 (0,20)</td>
								<td align="center">0,87 (0,19)</td>
								<td align="center">1,05 (0,19)</td>
								<td align="center">1,05 (0,20)</td>
								<td align="center">1,07 (0,18)</td>
								<td align="center"> 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">PP (cm)</td>
								<td align="center">0,89 (0,16)</td>
								<td align="center">0,77 (0,18)</td>
								<td align="center">0,88 (0,16)</td>
								<td align="center">0,93 (0,15)</td>
								<td align="center">0,91 (0,15)</td>
								<td align="center">0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">EPR</td>
								<td align="center">0,38 (0,07)</td>
								<td align="center">0,34 (0,07)</td>
								<td align="center">0,39 (0,07)</td>
								<td align="center">0,40 (0,08)</td>
								<td align="center">0,37 (0,06)</td>
								<td align="center">0,004</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">MVI (gr)</td>
								<td align="center">150,03 (124,22-192,02)</td>
								<td align="center">115,87 (90,97-152,15)</td>
								<td align="center">139,19 (129,10-177,78)</td>
								<td align="center">159,23 (125,67-192,02)</td>
								<td align="center">171,49 (135,33-221,08)</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">MVI/SC (gr/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
								<td align="center">78,05 (66,60-98,64)</td>
								<td align="center">67,68 (58,16-84,32)</td>
								<td align="center">76,71 (68,58-98,64)</td>
								<td align="center">80,43 (65,68-93,30)</td>
								<td align="center">80,25 (69,74-110,54)</td>
								<td align="center">0,117</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">MVI/H<sup>2,7</sup> (gr/m<sup>2,7</sup>)</td>
								<td align="center">38,80 (33,04-48,47)</td>
								<td align="center">29,02 (24,94-38,78)</td>
								<td align="center">36,19 (32,71-44,44)</td>
								<td align="center">39,38 (34,33-47,74)</td>
								<td align="center">48,30 (39,08-63,71)</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">FEVI (%)</td>
								<td align="center">63,06 (4,47)</td>
								<td align="center">62,55 (3,54)</td>
								<td align="center">64,37 (4,66)</td>
								<td align="center">62,04 (4,10)</td>
								<td align="center">63,68 (5,10)</td>
								<td align="center">0,065</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">VAI (mL)</td>
								<td align="center">47,80 (12,30)</td>
								<td align="center">41,16 (11,63)</td>
								<td align="center">46,40 (10,86)</td>
								<td align="center">49,18 (12,49)</td>
								<td align="center">51,84 (12,64)</td>
								<td align="center">0,013</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">VAI/SC (mL/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
								<td align="center">25,28 (6,19)</td>
								<td align="center">25,38 (8,15)</td>
								<td align="center">25,09 (5,22)</td>
								<td align="center">25,15 (6,34)</td>
								<td align="center">25,74 (5,85)</td>
								<td align="center">0,973</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left">VAI/H<sup>2</sup> (mL/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
								<td align="center">17,64 (4,48)</td>
								<td align="center">15,42 (4,53)</td>
								<td align="center">16,65 (3,19)</td>
								<td align="center">17,92 (4,64)</td>
								<td align="center">20,07 (4,67)</td>
								<td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN3">
							<p><italic>DDVI: Diámetro diastólico del ventrículo izquierdo; EPR: espesor parietal relativo; FEVI: Fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda; H: altura; MVI: masa del ventrículo izquierdo; PP: pared posterior; SC: superficie corporal; SIV: septum interventricular; VAI: volumen auricular izquierdo máximo. Las variables cuantitativas se expresan como media (DE) o mediana (RIC 25-75) y las categóricas como frecuencia absoluta (%).</italic></p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>La presencia de HVI varió del 22% empleando ISC al 25,3% empleando IAH (p= 0,266), con mayor diferencia entre los métodos a mayor IMC (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>). La concordancia global para la clasificación según presencia o ausencia de HVI fue considerable (k= 0,76), observándose el mayor nivel de concordancia en el grupo con IMC 25-29,9 y el menor nivel de concordancia en el grupo con IMC 30-34,9 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabla 4</xref> y <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>). El empleo de indexación de la MVI por H<sup>2,7</sup>, respecto de la ISC, produjo la reclasificación respecto de la presencia de HVI en 13 sujetos (8,6%).</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f1">
					<label>FIGURA 1:</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Prevalencia de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (A), agrandamiento auricular izquierdo (B) o daño de órgano blanco cardíaco subclínico (C) según método de indexación empleado y categoría de índice de masa corporal. </title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="1850-3748-rac-93-01-6-gf1.jpg"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t4">
					<label>TABLA 4:</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Nivel de concordancia observado en la determinación de presencia o ausencia de daño de órgano blanco cardíaco subclínico con indexación basada en superficie corporal o indexación alométrica basada en altura.</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr style="border: 0; background-color:#ab0534;color:#ffffff;">
								<th align="center">Medición ISC vs IAH</th>
								<th align="center">Subgrupo IMC</th>
								<th align="center">Acuerdo observado</th>
								<th align="center">k</th>
								<th align="center">IC 95%</th>
								<th align="center">Valor máximo k</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left" rowspan="5">HVI</td>
								<td align="right">Global</td>
								<td align="left"> 91,3%</td>
								<td align="left">0,76</td>
								<td align="left"> 0,63 - 0,88</td>
								<td align="left">0,82</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="right">&lt;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
								<td align="left">95,2%</td>
								<td align="left">0,77</td>
								<td align="left">0,35 - 1</td>
								<td align="left">0,90</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="center">25-29,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
								<td align="left">95,1%</td>
								<td align="left">0,82</td>
								<td align="left">0,60 - 1</td>
								<td align="left">0,90</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="right">30-34,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
								<td align="left">89,6%</td>
								<td align="left">0,68</td>
								<td align="left">0,45 - 0,91</td>
								<td align="left">0,79</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="right">≥35 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
								<td align="left">86,6%</td>
								<td align="left">0,73</td>
								<td align="left">0,5 - 0,96</td>
								<td align="left">0,73</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left" rowspan="5">AAI</td>
								<td align="right">Global</td>
								<td align="left">62%</td>
								<td align="left">0,23</td>
								<td align="left">0,13 - 0,33</td>
								<td align="left">0,33</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="right">&lt;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
								<td align="left">95,2%</td>
								<td align="left">0,85</td>
								<td align="left">0,59 - 1</td>
								<td align="left">0,90</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="right">25-29,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
								<td align="left">63,4%</td>
								<td align="left">0,18</td>
								<td align="left">-0,006 - 0,37</td>
								<td align="left">0,35</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="right">30-34,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
								<td align="left">56,9%</td>
								<td align="left">0,16</td>
								<td align="left">0,02 - 0,29</td>
								<td align="left">0,27</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="right">≥35 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
								<td align="left">46,6%</td>
								<td align="left">0,15</td>
								<td align="left">0,005 - 0,30</td>
								<td align="left">0,16</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="left" rowspan="5">DOB</td>
								<td align="right">Global</td>
								<td align="left">67,3%</td>
								<td align="left">0,38</td>
								<td align="left">0,26 - 0,49</td>
								<td align="left">0,40</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="right">&lt;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
								<td align="left">95,2%</td>
								<td align="left">0,85</td>
								<td align="left">0,59 - 1</td>
								<td align="left">0,90</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="right">25-29,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
								<td align="left">68,2%</td>
								<td align="left">0,33</td>
								<td align="left">0,09 - 0,58</td>
								<td align="left">0,42</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="right">30-34,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
								<td align="left">63,7%</td>
								<td align="left">0,33</td>
								<td align="left">0,14 - 0,51</td>
								<td align="left">0,35</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
								<td align="right">≥35 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
								<td align="left">53,3%</td>
								<td align="left">0,18</td>
								<td align="left">0,005 - 0,36</td>
								<td align="left">0,23</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN4">
							<p><italic>AAI: agrandamiento auricular izquierdo; DOB: daño de órgano blanco cardíaco subclínico (HVI y/o AAI);H: altura; HVI: hipertrofia ventricular izquierda; IAH: indexación basada en altura; IMC: índice de masa corporal; ISC: indexación por superficie corporal; k: índice Kappa;</italic></p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f2">
					<label>FIGURA 2:</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Representación gráfica del índice Kappa observado en la determinación de presencia o ausencia de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (A), agrandamiento auricular izquierdo (B) y daño de órgano blanco cardíaco subclínico (C) entre indexación por superficie corporal o indexación alométrica basada en altura. </title>
						<p>AAI: Agrandamiento auricular izquierdo; HVI: hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo; IMC: índice de masa corporal.</p>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="1850-3748-rac-93-01-6-gf2.jpg"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>La mayor discrepancia entre métodos fue registrada en la detección de AAI, que varió del 11,3% empleando ISC al 49,3% empleando IAH (p &lt; 0,001), con mayor diferencia de prevalencia entre grupos a mayor IMC (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>). La concordancia global entre los métodos para la detección de AAI fue baja (k= 0,23), con excepción del grupo con IMC ≤ 25, que presentó un nivel de concordancia sustancial (k= 0,85); en el resto de los grupos el nivel de acuerdo fue pobre, observándose la mayor discrepancia en el grupo con IMC ≥35 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabla 4</xref> y <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>). La IAH del VAI produjo la reclasificación de 57 sujetos (38%). En todos los casos discordantes la IAH identificó AAI en sujetos clasificados sin AAI en la ISC.</p>
			<p>Al comparar la prevalencia de DOB (HVI y/o AAI) empleando ISC o IAH se observó una frecuencia de detección del 26% y 56%, respectivamente (p &lt; 0,001), con mayor diferencia entre los métodos en los subgrupos con más alto IMC (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>). La concordancia global entre los métodos para la detección de DOB fue moderada (k= 0,38); el grupo con IMC≤ 25 presentó un nivel de concordancia sustancial (k=0,85), en el resto de los grupos el nivel de concordancia fue bajo, observándose la mayor discrepancia en el grupo con IMC ≥35 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabla 4</xref> y <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>DISCUSIÓN</title>
			<p>Los resultados de este estudio evidencian que la presencia de DOB cardíaco subclínico puede pasar inadvertida en una elevada proporción de sujetos hipertensos con sobrepeso u obesidad si se emplea ISC en vez de IAH. El nivel de concordancia entre ambos métodos para la detección de DOB fue escaso, inferior en la detección de AAI que en la de HVI, y con mayores discrepancias a mayor IMC. En el grupo de sujetos sin exceso de peso el nivel de concordancia entre ambos métodos fue elevado, tanto para la detección de HVI como AAI, lo que nos induce a pensar que en poblaciones de hipertensos con elevada prevalencia de sobrepeso u obesidad, como la incluida en el presente estudio, podría resultar conveniente incorporar la IAH en forma universal.</p>
			<p>Numerosos estudios han evaluado el impacto de los métodos de indexación utilizados en la detección de HVI, tanto en cohortes seleccionadas de sujetos con HTA como en estudios de base poblacional, reportando frecuencias que varían sustancialmente en función de las características de la población incluida y los valores de corte empleados para la definición de HVI. Al revisar aquellos estudios que compararon la ISC y la IAH, un hallazgo consistente es la mayor frecuencia de detección de HVI con IAH, siendo la diferencia mayor cuanto mayor fuera la proporción de sujetos con obesidad en la muestra incluida. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref> La IAH de la MVI, a su vez, demostró mayor capacidad predictiva de eventos cardiovasculares en el seguimiento en sujetos hipertensos con sobrepeso u obesidad que la ISC <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>. Gosse et al., en una cohorte de 763 sujetos con HTA, reportaron que la MVI (g/H<sup>2,7</sup>) previo al inicio del tratamiento fue el predictor más potente de eventos cardiovasculares en el seguimiento, por encima de otros factores de riesgo como la edad, la PA sistólica y el tabaquismo, y el segundo predictor más potente de muerte por cualquier causa, luego de la edad. A su vez, la detección de HVI durante el seguimiento presentó un valor predictivo similar, en tanto que la regresión de la HVI se asoció con menor riesgo cardiovascular. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref> En el estudio de Kuznetsova et al., la presencia de HVI según el criterio H<sup>2,7</sup> fue la que presentó mayor valor pronóstico de eventos cardiovasculares fatales o no fatales respecto de otros métodos de indexación. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref> En ese estudio también se evaluó el nivel de concordancia observado en la detección de HVI mediante distintos métodos de indexación en función del grado de obesidad; de manera similar a lo observado en este trabajo, la diferencia en la detección de HVI con ambos métodos fue escasa en el subgrupo de sujetos sin exceso de peso, en tanto aumentó de forma pronunciada en subgrupos con sobrepeso u obesidad, observándose en el último grupo una diferencia de prevalencia cercana al 20%. El nivel de concordancia observado en tal estudio para la detección de HVI entre ISC e IAH (k= 0,72) fue similar al observado en el presente trabajo. A diferencia de nuestro estudio, en dicho trabajo no se comparó el nivel de concordancia observado en los subgrupos según IMC.</p>
			<p>Vale mencionar que la IAH de la MVI no sólo presenta valor predictivo a nivel individual, sino también a nivel poblacional. de Simone et al. compararon el riesgo atribuible poblacional de la HVI definida según distintos métodos de indexación en la cohorte del Strong Heart Study y observaron que la normalización de la MVI por H<sup>2,7</sup> fue la que presentó mayor riesgo atribuible poblacional para eventos cardiovasculares en el seguimiento, tanto en el total de la población, como en el subgrupo de sujetos con HTA. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>
			</p>
			<p>De manera similar, la IAH del VAI también demostró ser superior a la ISC para la detección de AAI y predicción de eventos en el seguimiento en sujetos con sobrepeso u obesidad. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27"><sup>27</sup></xref> Ilijevska et al. observaron en una muestra de 127 individuos con sobrepeso u obesidad, de los cuales el 50% presentaba HTA, que la frecuencia de AAI variaba del 15,7% al 70,1% según se empleara ISC o IAH. La IAH condujo a la reclasificación de VAI normal a VAI agrandado en el 52,8% de los individuos, con variaciones del 38,9% en el grupo con sobrepeso al 88,2% de los individuos en el grupo con IMC &gt;40 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref> Similares resultados fueron reportados por Airale et al. en un estudio que incluyó 441 sujetos con HTA; la frecuencia de AAI varió del 23,4% al 50,6% empleando ISC o IAH, con un nivel de concordancia en la detección de AAI entre ambos métodos de k= 0,46. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref> En el estudio de Davis et al. el AAI detectado mediante IAH presentó valor pronóstico independiente de muerte y eventos cardiovasculares en todos los grupos de IMC, y con una performance global, en términos de sensibilidad y especificidad, superior a la ISC en todas las categorías de IMC, incluido el grupo con IMC &lt;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27"><sup>27</sup></xref> La frecuencia de reclasificación de AI normal a dilatada con IAH fue del 28,5% en el total de la muestra, y llegó a 55,4% en el grupo con IMC &gt;40 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. El subgrupo de individuos reclasificados presentó riesgo incrementado de muerte y eventos cardiovasculares en todas las categorías de IMC, incluidos aquellos con IMC normal o cercano al normal. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27"><sup>27</sup></xref>
			</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>CONCLUSIÓN</title>
			<p>El sobrepeso y la obesidad constituyen un problema de salud pública de creciente relevancia en la población mundial. En la Argentina, los resultados de la última Encuesta de Factores de Riesgo Cardiovascular evidencian que el 61,6% de la población adulta padece de exceso de peso, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28"><sup>28</sup></xref> y esta proporción probablemente sea superior en la población con HTA.</p>
			<p>Si bien desde la década del 80 se conoce que la indexación de las estructuras cardíacas empleando parámetros relacionados al peso, como la SC, determina un déficit en la detección de HVI y AAI en los sujetos con sobrepeso u obesidad en comparación con la IAH, ya sea por cuestiones de tradición o de simplicidad, la ISC continúa siendo utilizada en forma mayoritaria en la práctica cotidiana.</p>
			<p>En forma complementaria a lo reportado previamente en la literatura, los resultados de este estudio destacan la marcada discordancia observada en la categorización de los sujetos según la presencia o ausencia de DOB al emplear un método de indexación u otro, la cual se hace más evidente en los sujetos con obesidad grave.</p>
			<p>Tomando en cuenta la evidencia presentada, creemos necesario acrecentar los esfuerzos para adaptar nuestras prácticas a las características de la población que asistimos. Para ello, consideramos crucial la incorporación en los equipos ecocardiográficos de un paquete de cálculos apropiado a esta población, que permita la aplicación de IAH en los parámetros referidos, y añadir la recomendación de su implementación en las guías de práctica clínica locales. A su vez, sugerimos considerar el empleo sistemático de IAH en todos los sujetos con HTA. </p>
			<p>La ISC de la MVI y VAI subestima la presencia de DOB en hipertensos con sobrepeso u obesidad y conduce a la ponderación errónea de su riesgo cardiovascular, con las implicancias terapéuticas que el subdiagnóstico acarrea. Esperamos que este estudio ayude a visibilizar esta problemática.</p>
			<p>Limitaciones: La prevalencia de HVI en la muestra incluida fue inferior a la observada en otros estudios; creemos esto es debido a que la totalidad de los sujetos se encontraba en tratamiento y la mayoría de los sujetos presentaban valores de PA cercanos a la normalidad. La reclasificación de los patrones morfológicos del VI y dilatación ventricular no fue evaluada por limitación en el tamaño de la muestra. El valor del estadístico k se ve afectado por la prevalencia del fenómeno en estudio por lo que se sugiere prudencia al extrapolar datos a poblaciones de otras características.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
		<ack>
			<title>Agradecimientos: </title>
			<p>agradecemos a Bárbara Lux y María Fernanda Ramírez Serrano por su colaboración en la recolección de datos.</p>
		</ack>
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		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
				<label>Fuentes de apoyo:</label>
				<p> El estudio fue realizado sin financiamiento externo</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
				<label>3</label>
				<p>Este artículo resultó ganador del Premio Dr. Oscar Orías - mención especial «Accesit» en el 50 Congreso Argentino de Cardiología</p>
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	<!--<sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="en">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Detection of Subclinical Cardiac Damage by Echocardiography in a Hypertensive Population with a High Prevalence of Obesity: Discrepancies According to the Indexing Method Used</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-7023-6249</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>TRAVETTO</surname>
						<given-names>CAROLINA M.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8238-6119</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>ARGENTO</surname>
						<given-names>LAURA V.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn10"><sup>MTSAC</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff2">
					<label>1 </label>
					<institution content-type="original">Cardiology Department, Sanatorio Clínica Modelo de Morón, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Cardiology Department</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Sanatorio Clínica Modelo de Morón</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<state>Buenos Aires</state>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="AR">Argentina</country>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c2">
					<label>Correspondence</label><bold>:</bold> Carolina M. Travetto, RO del Uruguay 224, Morón, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: <email>carolinatravetto@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn10">
					<label>MTSAC</label>
					<p>Miembro Titular de la Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn11">
					<label>Conflicts of interest</label>
					<p> None declared. (See authors' conflict of interest forms on the Web).</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<abstract>
				<title>ABSTRACT</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Background:</title>
					<p> Allometric height-based indexing improves the detection of cardiac target organ damage in overweight/obese hypertensives versus body surface area-based indexing; however, its use is not common in daily practice.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Objective: </title>
					<p>To compare the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy and/or left atrial enlargement according to the echocardiographic indexing method used, and to estimate the level of agreement and the percentage of reclassified subjects.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Methods: </title>
					<p>Descriptive, observational and prospective study. We included 150 adults with hypertension. Left ventricular mass was indexed to body surface area and height<sup>2,7</sup>. Maximum left atrial volume was indexed to body surface area and height<sup>2</sup>. Subgroup analysis was performed according to body mass index categories. The degree of agreement between methods was evaluated with the Kappa index (k).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Results: </title>
					<p>Mean age was 57.1 years, 62.7% were women, 58.7% were obese. The prevalence of ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial enlargement was higher with height-based indexing. The level of agreement for the detection of left ventricular hypertrophy with both indices was considerable (k=0.76) but poor for the detection of left atrial enlargement (k=0.23). The discrepancy between the methods was greater at higher body mass index. One third of the subjects were reclassified regarding the presence of cardiac target organ damage by using height-based indexing.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusion: </title>
					<p>Cardiac structures indexed to body surface area underestimate the presence of target organ damage in overweight/obese hypertensive subjects. We suggest considering the systematic use of height-based indexing in hypertensive subjects.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Key words:</title>
				<kwd> Obesity</kwd>
				<kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
				<kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
				<kwd>Indexing methods</kwd>
				<kwd>Left ventricular hypertrophy</kwd>
				<kwd>Cardiovascular diag nostic techniques</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>INTRODUCTION</title>
				<p>Early detection of subclinical cardiac target organ damage (TOD) is essential for the stratification of the overall cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients and has a direct impact on the appropriateness of treatment, the target blood pressure (BP) value and the time to achieve it, as well as the choice of the drug class expected to provide the greatest therapeutic benefit. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</p>
				<p>Normalization of cardiac chambers measurements using allometric height-based indexing (AHI) improves the detection of TOD in subjects with hypertension (HT) and overweight or obesity compared to body surface area-based indexing (BSAI). Although this has been included in international guidelines, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36"><sup>8</sup></xref> its use in clinical practice is not widespread. This may be due to different factors, including lack of knowledge, habit or technical difficulties because of the lack of suitable calculation packages for this population in most echocardiography equipment.</p>
				<p>Both HT and obesity promote left ventricular remodelling and hypertrophy (LVH) independently and synergistically. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38"><sup>10</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39"><sup>11</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40"><sup>12</sup></xref> Increased ventricular mass in non-hypertensive subjects is related to weight and body mass index (BMI), <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42"><sup>14</sup></xref> and the presence of obesity-related LVH is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43"><sup>15</sup></xref> Likewise, obesity <italic>per se</italic> may promote atrial chamber enlargement. In a subanalysis of the MONICA/KORA study, obesity was the most important independent predictor of the incidence of left atrial enlargement (LAE) after aging. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44"><sup>16</sup></xref>
				</p>
				<p>In view of today’s obesity pandemic, which in some regions has reached a prevalence of almost 60% in populations over 20 years old, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B45"><sup>17</sup></xref> and in which 75% of the incidence of HT is directly related to overweight, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46"><sup>18</sup></xref> we wondered how often the use of AHI, compared to BSAI leads to the reclassification of subjects in terms of the presence of TOD according to their degree of obesity. This knowledge is important to measure the degree of error that results from failing to use the appropriate indices.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>OBJECTIVES</title>
				<p>To compare the prevalence of TOD, defined as LVH and/or LAE, according to the echocardiographic indexing method used, and to estimate the level of agreement between the methods and the percentage of subjects who are reclassified according to their degree of obesity.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="methods">
				<title>METHODS </title>
				<p>Between January 2020 and December 2021, adults over 18 years old with a diagnosis of HT either under drug treatment or non-drug treatment and referred to a Doppler echocardiography were prospectively assessed. Subjects with any other cardiovascular history or relevant comorbidity were excluded, except for cardiovascular risk factors, known secondary HT, pregnancy, echocardiographic findings consistent with significant valvular heart disease, structural heart disease of other origin or systolic dysfunction. A complete medical history was taken from all patients and weight, height (H) and BP were recorded. Body surface area (BSA) was estimated using the Du Bois and Du Bois formula: BSA (m<sup>2</sup>) = 0.007184 x H (cm)<sup>0.725</sup> x weight (kg)<sup>0.42</sup>. BMI was calculated according to the formula: BMI (kg/m<sup>2</sup> ) = Weight (kg) / [H (m)]<sup>2</sup>. BP was measured in a seated position, after a 5-minute rest, with an automatic sphygmomanometer (Omron MODEL Hem 7142, Omron Corporation). Two consecutive measurements were obtained, with an interval of 2 minutes between each one, and the values were averaged. Controlled BP at the time of the study was defined as the presence of systolic BP &lt;140 mmHg and diastolic BP &lt;90 mmHg. Doppler echocardiography was performed immediately after BP measurement.</p>
				<sec>
					<title>Echocardiography </title>
					<p> </p>
					<p> A Mindray M9 equipment with SP5-1s probe was used. Cardiac chambers diameters and remodelling patterns were evaluated according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography Guidelines. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32"><sup>4</sup></xref> M-mode was used to measure left ventricular (LV) diameters. LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was estimated using the biplane Simpson method. Left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated with the Devereux formula and indexed to BSA and H<sup>2,7</sup>. Relative wall thickness (RWT) was calculated with the formula 2 x LV posterior wall thickness in diastole/LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and a value ≥ 0.42 was considered increased RWT. Left atrial (LA) volumes were assessed by using the modified biplane Simpson's method from apical 2- and 4-chamber views. In each case, 2 measurements were obtained and averaged. Absolute values were indexed to BSA and H<sup>2</sup>. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 1</xref> shows the cut-off values used for each determination. The choice of these allometric indices over others was based on the evidence supporting their use and the recommendations of international guidelines. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36"><sup>8</sup></xref>
					</p>
					<p>
						<table-wrap id="t5">
							<label>TABLE 1</label>
							<caption>
								<title>Cut-off limits used in indexed echocardiographic measurements.</title>
							</caption>
							<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
								<colgroup>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
								</colgroup>
								<thead>
									<tr style="border: 0; background-color:#ab0534;color:#ffffff;">
										<th align="left">Variable</th>
										<th align="center">Men</th>
										<th align="center">Women</th>
										<th align="center">Reference</th>
									</tr>
								</thead>
								<tbody>
									<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
										<td align="left">LVM/BSA (g /m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
										<td align="center">≤ 115</td>
										<td align="center">≤ 95</td>
										<td align="center">3, 4</td>
									</tr>
									<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
										<td align="left">LVM/H<sup>2.7</sup> (g/m<sup>2.7</sup>)</td>
										<td align="center">≤ 50</td>
										<td align="center">≤ 47</td>
										<td align="center">5-8</td>
									</tr>
									<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
										<td align="left">LAV/ BSA (mL/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
										<td align="center">≤ 34</td>
										<td align="center">≤ 34</td>
										<td align="center">5-8</td>
									</tr>
									<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
										<td align="left">LAV/H<sup>2</sup> (mL/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
										<td align="center">≤ 18.5</td>
										<td align="center">≤ 16.5</td>
										<td align="center">5-8</td>
									</tr>
								</tbody>
							</table>
							<table-wrap-foot>
								<fn id="TFN5">
									<p>BSA: body surface area; H: height; LAV: maximum left atrial volume; LVM: left ventricular mass </p>
								</fn>
							</table-wrap-foot>
						</table-wrap>
					</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Statistical analysis</title>
					<p> Qualitative variables are presented as absolute frequency and percentage, and quantitative variables are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR 25-75) or mean and standard deviation (SD), according to data distribution. The distribution of variables was analysed in the total population and by BMI subgroups (&lt;25, 25-29.9, 30-34.9, ≥35 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Comparison of discrete variables was performed with the chi-square test with Fisher’s correction. Comparison of continuous variables was performed with Kruskal-Wallis or ANOVA method, as appropriate. Comparison of the prevalence of LVH/LAE/TOD between both methods was performed with the paired binomial test. The degree of agreement for the classification of presence/absence of subclinical cardiac TOD between different indexing methods was evaluated with Cohen's Kappa index (k), considering that a value of 1 represents perfect agreement in the classification of each case and a value of 0 indicates agreement no better than that expected by chance. A statistical significance level of 0.05 (bilateral test) was used in the hypothesis tests. Data processing was performed with EpiInfo version 7.2.5.0 (CDC, Atlanta) and EpiDat version 4.2 (Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia, Spain; PAHO, Washington; Universidad CES, Colombia. Available at: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sergas.es/Saude-publica/EPIDAT">http://www.sergas.es/Saude-publica/EPIDAT</ext-link>).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Ethical considerations </title>
					<p> The study was evaluated by an independent Research Ethics Committee. Informed consent was obtained from participants prior to enrolment. The research was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.</p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="results">
				<title>RESULTS </title>
				<p> A total of 150 subjects were included. Mean age was 57.1 years (SD 12.6); 62.7% were women, 58.7% were obese; 94% were receiving drug treatment. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tables 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">3</xref> show the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of the population. Non-indexed and H<sup>2,7</sup>- indexed LVM, and non-indexed or H<sup>2</sup>- indexed maximum left atrial volume (LAV) presented higher values in the groups with higher obesity, while BSA-indexed LVM and LAV showed no differences between the groups according to BMI.</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t6">
						<label>TABLE 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Clinical characteristics of the population included in the study by body mass index (BMI) categories </title>
						</caption>
						<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr style="border: 0; background-color:#ab0534;color:#ffffff;">
									<th align="left"> </th>
									<th align="center">Global n = 150</th>
									<th align="center">&lt;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> n = 21</th>
									<th align="center">25-29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup> n = 41</th>
									<th align="center">30-34.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup> n = 58</th>
									<th align="center">≥35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> n =30</th>
									<th align="center"> p</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">Age (years)</td>
									<td align="center">57.10 (12.66)</td>
									<td align="center">60.57 (15.35)</td>
									<td align="center">56.00 (11.40)</td>
									<td align="center">57.84 (12.84)</td>
									<td align="center">54.73 (11.88)</td>
									<td align="center">0.389</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">Women</td>
									<td align="center">94 (62.67%)</td>
									<td align="center">16 (76.19%)</td>
									<td align="center">23 (56.10%)</td>
									<td align="center">32 (55.17 %)</td>
									<td align="center">23 (76.67%)</td>
									<td align="center">0.097</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">Diabetes mellitus</td>
									<td align="center">39 (26.00%)</td>
									<td align="center">1 (4.76%)</td>
									<td align="center">9 (21.95%)</td>
									<td align="center">17 (29.31%)</td>
									<td align="center">12 (40.00%)</td>
									<td align="center">0.034</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left"><bold>Current or past smoking</bold></td>
									<td align="center">65 (43.33%)</td>
									<td align="center">7 (33.33%)</td>
									<td align="center">17 (41.46%)</td>
									<td align="center">24 (41.38%)</td>
									<td align="center">17 (56.67%)</td>
									<td align="center">0.365</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">Dyslipidemia</td>
									<td align="center">78 (52.00%)</td>
									<td align="center">16 (76.19%)</td>
									<td align="center">17 (41.46%)</td>
									<td align="center">33 (56.90%)</td>
									<td align="center">12 (40.00%)</td>
									<td align="center">0.028</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">Weight (kg)</td>
									<td align="center">84.37 (16.33)</td>
									<td align="center">61.23 (8.31)</td>
									<td align="center">77.31 (9 .12)</td>
									<td align="center">88 .87 (11.08)</td>
									<td align="center">101.48 (12.88)</td>
									<td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">Height (m)</td>
									<td align="center">1.64 (0.09)</td>
									<td align="center">1.63 (0.09)</td>
									<td align="center">1.66 (0.09)</td>
									<td align="center">1.66 (0.10)</td>
									<td align="center">1.60 (0.08)</td>
									<td align="center">0.039</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">BSA (m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
									<td align="center">1.90 (0.21)</td>
									<td align="center">1.66 (0.16)</td>
									<td align="center">1.85 (0.17)</td>
									<td align="center">1.96 (0.18)</td>
									<td align="center">2.01 (0.16)</td>
									<td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">BMI (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
									<td align="center">31.22 (5.62)</td>
									<td align="center">22.94 (1.57)</td>
									<td align="center">27.7 (1.27)</td>
									<td align="center">32.3 (1.48)</td>
									<td align="center">39.7 (3.20)</td>
									<td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">Diagnosis of HT older than 1 year</td>
									<td align="center">115 (76.67%)</td>
									<td align="center">16 (76.19%)</td>
									<td align="center">19 (70.73%)</td>
									<td align="center">47 (81.03%)</td>
									<td align="center">23 (76.67%)</td>
									<td align="center">0.698</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">Drug treatment</td>
									<td align="center">141 (94.00%)</td>
									<td align="center">19 (90.48%)</td>
									<td align="center">36 (87.80%)</td>
									<td align="center">57 (98.28%)</td>
									<td align="center">29 (96.67%)</td>
									<td align="center">0.138</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="justify">SBP (mmHg)</td>
									<td align="center">136.14 (15.53)</td>
									<td align="center">138.66 (19.80)</td>
									<td align="center">135.78 (13.09)</td>
									<td align="center">136.06 (14.89)</td>
									<td align="center">135.00 (17.05)</td>
									<td align="center">0.866</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="justify">DBP (mmHg)</td>
									<td align="center">85.61 (9.03)</td>
									<td align="center">85.38 (9.22)</td>
									<td align="center">86.31 (8.69)</td>
									<td align="center">85.03 (9.70)</td>
									<td align="center">85.93 (8.35)</td>
									<td align="center">0.912</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="justify">MBP (mmHg)</td>
									<td align="center">102.38 (9.45)</td>
									<td align="center">103.10 (10.51)</td>
									<td align="center">102.77 (7.88)</td>
									<td align="center">101.91 (9.97)</td>
									<td align="center">102.25 (10.05)</td>
									<td align="center">0.952</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">Pulse pressure (mmHg)</td>
									<td align="center">50.52 (14.39)</td>
									<td align="center">53.28 (18.56)</td>
									<td align="center">49.46 (14.26)</td>
									<td align="center">51.03 (13.3)</td>
									<td align="center">49.06 (13.67)</td>
									<td align="center">0.715</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">Controlled BP</td>
									<td align="center">65 (43.33%)</td>
									<td align="center">9 (42.86%)</td>
									<td align="center">16 (39.02%)</td>
									<td align="center">25 (43.10%)</td>
									<td align="center">15 (50.00%)</td>
									<td align="center">0.836</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">HR (bpm)</td>
									<td align="center">73,88 (13,31)</td>
									<td align="center">72,14 (10,38)</td>
									<td align="center">71,73 (12,73)</td>
									<td align="center">75,08 (15,21)</td>
									<td align="center">75,7 (11,98)</td>
									<td align="center">0,486</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN6">
								<p>BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; BPM: beats per minute; BSA: body surface area; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate; HT: hypertension; MBP: mean blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure. </p>
							</fn>
							<fn id="TFN7">
								<p>Quantitative variables are expressed as mean (SD) and categorical variables as absolute frequency (%).</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t7">
						<label>TABLE 3</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Echocardiographic characteristics of the population included in the study by body mass index categories </title>
						</caption>
						<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr style="border: 0; background-color:#ab0534;color:#ffffff;">
									<th align="left"> </th>
									<th align="center">Global n = 150</th>
									<th align="center">&lt; 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> n = 21</th>
									<th align="center">25-29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup> n = 41</th>
									<th align="center">30-34.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup> n = 58</th>
									<th align="center"> ≥35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> n =30</th>
									<th align="center"> p</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">LVDD (cm)</td>
									<td align="center">4.63 (4.34-4.99)</td>
									<td align="center">4.44 (4.30-4.76)</td>
									<td align="center">4.59 (4.23-4.94)</td>
									<td align="left">4.64 (4.40-4.90)</td>
									<td align="center">4.89 (4.50-5.57)</td>
									<td align="center">0.032</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">IVS (cm)</td>
									<td align="center">1.03 (0.20)</td>
									<td align="center">0.87 (0.19)</td>
									<td align="center">1.05 (0.19)</td>
									<td align="center">1.05 (0.20)</td>
									<td align="center">1.07 (0 .18)</td>
									<td align="center"> 0.001</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">PW (cm)</td>
									<td align="center">0.89 (0.16)</td>
									<td align="center">0.77 (0.18)</td>
									<td align="center">0.88 (0.16)</td>
									<td align="center">0.93 (0.15)</td>
									<td align="center">0.91 (0.15)</td>
									<td align="center">0.001</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">RWT</td>
									<td align="center">0.38 (0.07)</td>
									<td align="center">0.34 (0.07)</td>
									<td align="center">0.39 (0.07)</td>
									<td align="center">0.40 (0.08)</td>
									<td align="center">0.37 (0.06)</td>
									<td align="center">0.004</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">LVM (gr)</td>
									<td align="center">150.03 (124.22-192.02)</td>
									<td align="center">115.87 (90.97-152.15)</td>
									<td align="center">139.19 (129.10-177.78)</td>
									<td align="center">159.23 (125.67-192.02)</td>
									<td align="center">171.49 (135.33-221.08)</td>
									<td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">LVM/ BSA (g/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
									<td align="center">78.05 (66.60-98.64)</td>
									<td align="center">67.68 (58.16-84.32)</td>
									<td align="center">76.71 (68.58-98.64)</td>
									<td align="center">80.43 (65.68-93.30)</td>
									<td align="center">80.25 (69.74-110.54)</td>
									<td align="center">0.117</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">LVM/H<sup>2.7</sup> (g/m<sup>2.7</sup>)</td>
									<td align="center">38.80 (33.04-48.47)</td>
									<td align="center">29.02 (24.94-38.78)</td>
									<td align="center">36.19 (32.71-44.44)</td>
									<td align="center">39.38 (34.33-47.74)</td>
									<td align="center">48.30 (39.08-63.71)</td>
									<td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left">LVEF (%)</td>
									<td align="center">63.06 (4.47)</td>
									<td align="center">62.55 (3.54)</td>
									<td align="center">64.37 (4.66)</td>
									<td align="center">62.04 (4.10)</td>
									<td align="center">63.68 (5.10)</td>
									<td align="center">0.065</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left"><bold>LAV (mL)</bold></td>
									<td align="center">47.80 (12.30)</td>
									<td align="center">41.16 (11.63)</td>
									<td align="center">46.40 (10.86)</td>
									<td align="center">49.18 (12.49)</td>
									<td align="center">51.84 (12.64)</td>
									<td align="center">0.013</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left"><bold>LAV/BSA (mL/m</bold>
 <sup>2</sup>
 <bold>)</bold></td>
									<td align="center">25.28 (6.19)</td>
									<td align="center">25.38 (8.15)</td>
									<td align="center">25.09 (5.22)</td>
									<td align="center">25.15 (6.34)</td>
									<td align="center">25.74 (5.85)</td>
									<td align="center">0.973</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left"><bold>LAV/H</bold>
 <sup>2</sup> 
 <bold>(mL/m</bold>
 <sup>2</sup>
 <bold>)</bold></td>
									<td align="center">17.64 (4.48)</td>
									<td align="center">15.42 (4.53)</td>
									<td align="center">16.65 (3.19)</td>
									<td align="center">17.92 (4.64)</td>
									<td align="center">20.07 (4.67)</td>
									<td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN8">
								<p>BSA, body surface area; H, height; IVS, interventricular septum; LAV, maximum left atrial volume; LV DD, left ventricular diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVM, left ventricular mass; PW, posterior wall; RWT, relative wall thickness. </p>
							</fn>
							<fn id="TFN9">
								<p>Quantitative variables are expressed as mean (SD) or median (IQR 25-75) and categorical variables as absolute frequency (%).</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>The presence of LVH ranged from 22% using BSAI to 25.3% using AHI (p= 0.266), with a greater difference between the methods at higher BMI (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 1</xref>). The overall agreement for classification according to the presence or absence of LVH was substantial (k= 0.76), with the highest level of agreement in the group with BMI 25-29.9 and the lowest level of agreement in the group with BMI 30-34.9 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Table 4</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 2</xref>). The use of LVM indexed to H<sup>2,7</sup>, compared to BSAI, resulted in the reclassification regarding the presence of LVH in 13 subjects (8.6%).</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f3">
						<label>FIGURE 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (A), left atrial enlargement (B) or subclinical cardiac target organ damage (C) by indexing method and body mass index category </title>
							<p>AHI: allometric height-based indexing; BMI: body mass index; BSAI: body surface indexing; LAE: left atrial enlargement; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy; Prev diff: difference in prevalence between indexing methods; TOD: subclinical cardiac target organ damage (LVH and/or LAE). The p value presented to the right of each row corresponds to the comparison of the prevalence observed between both methods in the paired analysis by body mass index subgroup.</p>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="1850-3748-rac-93-01-6-gf3.jpg"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t8">
						<label>TABLE 4</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Level of agreement for the determination of presence or absence of subclinical cardiac target organ damage using body surface area-based indexing or allometric height-based indexing </title>
						</caption>
						<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr style="border: 0; background-color:#ab0534;color:#ffffff;">
									<th align="center">BSAI vs AHI measurement</th>
									<th align="center">BMI subgroup</th>
									<th align="center">Agreement</th>
									<th align="center">k</th>
									<th align="center">95% CI</th>
									<th align="center">Maximum k value</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left" rowspan="5">LVH</td>
									<td align="right">Global</td>
									<td align="left"> 913%</td>
									<td align="left">0.76</td>
									<td align="left"> 0 .63-0.88</td>
									<td align="left">0.82</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="right">&lt;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
									<td align="left">95.2%</td>
									<td align="left">0.77</td>
									<td align="left">0.35 -1</td>
									<td align="left">090</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="center">25-29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
									<td align="left">95.1%</td>
									<td align="left">0.82</td>
									<td align="left">0.60-1</td>
									<td align="left">0.90</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="right">30-34.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
									<td align="left">89.6%</td>
									<td align="left">0.68</td>
									<td align="left">0.45-0.91</td>
									<td align="left">0.79</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="right">≥35 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
									<td align="left">86.6%</td>
									<td align="left">0.73</td>
									<td align="left">0.5-0.96</td>
									<td align="left">0.73</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left" rowspan="5">LAE</td>
									<td align="right">Global</td>
									<td align="left">62%</td>
									<td align="left">0.23</td>
									<td align="left">0.13-0.33</td>
									<td align="left">0.33</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="right">&lt;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
									<td align="left">95.2%</td>
									<td align="left">0.85</td>
									<td align="left">0.59-1</td>
									<td align="left">0.90</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="right">25-29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
									<td align="left">63.4%</td>
									<td align="left">0.18</td>
									<td align="left">-0.006-0.37</td>
									<td align="left">0.35</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="right">30-34.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
									<td align="left">56.9%</td>
									<td align="left">0.16</td>
									<td align="left">0.02-0.29</td>
									<td align="left">0.27</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="right">≥35 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
									<td align="left">46.6%</td>
									<td align="left">0.15</td>
									<td align="left">0.005-0.30</td>
									<td align="left">0.16</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="left" rowspan="5">TOD</td>
									<td align="right">Global</td>
									<td align="left">67.3%</td>
									<td align="left">0.38</td>
									<td align="left">0.26-0.49</td>
									<td align="left">0.40</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="right">&lt;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
									<td align="left">95.2%</td>
									<td align="left">0.85</td>
									<td align="left">0.59-1</td>
									<td align="left">0.90</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="right">25-29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
									<td align="left">68.2%</td>
									<td align="left">0.33</td>
									<td align="left">0.09-0.58</td>
									<td align="left">0.42</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="right">30-34.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
									<td align="left">63.7%</td>
									<td align="left">0.33</td>
									<td align="left">0.14-0.51</td>
									<td align="left">0.35</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid white; background-color: #e3aea9;">
									<td align="right">≥35 kg/m<sup>2</sup></td>
									<td align="left">53.3%</td>
									<td align="left">0.18</td>
									<td align="left">0.005-0.36</td>
									<td align="left">0.23</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN10">
								<p>AHI: allometric height-based indexing; BMI: body mass index; BSAI: body surface area indexing; H: height; k: Kappa index;LAE: left atrial enlargement; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy; TOD: subclinical cardiac target organ damage (LVH and/or LAE)</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f4">
						<label>FIGURE 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Graphical representation of the Kappa index for the determination of presence or absence of left ventricular hypertrophy (A), left atrial enlargement (B) and subclinical cardiac target organ damage (C) between body surface area-based indexing or allometric height-based indexing </title>
							<p>BMI, body mass index; LAE, left atrial enlargement; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy.</p>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="1850-3748-rac-93-01-6-gf4.jpg"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>The greatest discrepancy between the methods was recorded in the detection of LAE, which ranged from 11.3% using BSAI to 49.3% using AHI (p &lt; 0.001), with a greater difference in prevalence between the groups at higher BMI (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 1</xref>). The overall agreement between the methods for LAE detection was low (k= 0.23), with the exception of the group with BMI ≤ 25, which showed a substantial level of agreement (k= 0.85). In the rest of the groups, the level of agreement was poor and the greatest discrepancy was observed in the group with BMI ≥35 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Table 4</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 2</xref>). Using AHI for LAV resulted in the reclassification of 57 subjects (38%). In all discordant cases, by using AHI, LAE was identified in subjects classified as not having LAE according to BSAI.</p>
				<p>When comparing the prevalence of TOD (LVH and/or LAE) using either BSAI or AHI, a detection rate of 26% and 56%, respectively, was observed (p&lt;0.001), with a greater difference between methods in the higher BMI subgroups (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 1</xref>). The overall level of agreement between the methods for the detection of TOD was moderate (k= 0.38); the group with BMI ≤25 showed a substantial level of agreement (k=0.85), in the remaining groups the level of agreement was low, and the greatest discrepancy was observed in the group with BMI ≥35 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Table 4</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>DISCUSSION</title>
				<p>The results of this study show that the presence of subclinical cardiac TOD may remain undetected in a high proportion of overweight or obese hypertensive subjects when using BSAI instead of AHI. The level of agreement between both methods for the detection of TOD was poor, lower for the detection of LAE than LVH, and with greater discrepancies at higher BMI. In the group of subjects without overweight, the level of agreement between the two methods was high, both for the detection of LVH and LAE, which leads us to believe that in hypertensive populations with a high prevalence of overweight or obesity, such as the one included in the present study, the global use of AHI may be convenient.</p>
				<p>Numerous studies have evaluated the impact of the indexing methods used to detect LVH, both in selected cohorts of subjects with HT and in population-based studies. The frequencies reported vary considerably depending on the characteristics of the population included and the cut-off values used to define LVH. When reviewing the studies that compared BSAI and AHI, a consistent finding was the higher detection rate of LVH using AHI, and the difference was greater when the proportion of obese subjects in the included sample was higher. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B47"><sup>19</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48"><sup>20</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B49"><sup>21</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B50"><sup>22</sup></xref> Using AHI for LVM has shown to be more predictive of cardiovascular events than BSAI at follow-up in overweight or obese hypertensive subjects <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B47"><sup>19</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B50"><sup>22</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B51"><sup>23</sup></xref>. Gosse et al. reported in a cohort of 763 hypertensive subjects that LVM (g/H<sup>2,7</sup>) before the initiation of treatment was the strongest predictor of cardiovascular events at follow-up, above other risk factors, such as age, systolic BP, and smoking, as well as the second strongest predictor of all-cause death, after age. Detection of LVH at follow-up had a similar predictive value, whereas regression of LVH was associated with lower cardiovascular risk. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B51"><sup>23</sup></xref> In the study by Kuznetsova et al., the presence of LVH according to the H<sup>2,7</sup> method had the highest prognostic value for fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events compared to other indexing methods. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B47"><sup>19</sup></xref> That study also evaluated the level of agreement for the detection of LVH using different indexing methods according to the degree of obesity. Similar to this study, the difference in the detection of LVH between the two methods was small in the subgroup of non-overweight, but it increased sharply in the subgroups of overweight or obese subjects, with a difference in prevalence of almost 20% in the latter group. In that study, the level of agreement for the detection of LVH between BSAI and AHI (k= 0.72) was similar to that observed in this study. In contrast to our study, the level of agreement in the subgroups for BMI was not compared in that study.</p>
				<p>It is worth noting that the use of AHI for LVM has predictive value not only at individual level but also at population level. De Simone et al. compared the population attributable risk of LVH defined by different indexing methods in the Strong Heart Study cohort and found that normalization of LVM to H<sup>2,7</sup> had the highest population attributable risk of cardiovascular events at follow-up, both in the total population and in the subgroup of subjects with HT. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B52"><sup>24</sup></xref>
				</p>
				<p>Similarly, using AHI for LAV was also shown to be superior to BSAI for the detection of LAE and prediction of events at follow-up in overweight or obese subjects. (25-27) In a sample of 127 overweight or obese subjects, of which 50% had HT, Ilijevska et al. observed that the frequency of LAE ranged from 15.7% to 70.1% depending on whether BSAI or AHI was used. AHI led to reclassification from normal LAV to enlarged LAV in 52.8% of subjects, with variations from 38.9% in the group with overweight to 88.2% in the group with BMI &gt;40 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53"><sup>25</sup></xref> Similar results were reported by Airale et al. in a study that included 441 hypertensive subjects; the frequency of LAE ranged from 23.4% to 50.6% using either BSAI or AHI, with a level of agreement for the detection of LAE between the two methods of k= 0.46. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B54"><sup>26</sup></xref> In the study by Davis et al. LAE detected by AHI was independently predictive of death and cardiovascular events in all BMI groups and showed an overall performance, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, superior to BSAI across all BMI categories, including the group with BMI &lt;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B55"><sup>27</sup></xref> The reclassification rate from normal to enlarged LA using AHI was 28.5% in the total sample and reached 55.4% in the group with BMI &gt;40 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. The subgroup of reclassified subjects showed an increased risk of death and cardiovascular events across all BMI categories, including those with normal or near-normal BMI. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B55"><sup>27</sup></xref>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>CONCLUSIONS </title>
				<p>Overweight and obesity are growing public health issues worldwide. In Argentina, results from the most recent Cardiovascular Risk Factor Survey showed that 61.6% of the adult population is overweight, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B56"><sup>28</sup></xref> and this proportion is likely to be higher in the population with HT.</p>
				<p>Although it has been known since the 1980s that the use of weight-related parameters, such as BSA, to index cardiac structures in overweight or obese subjects has a deficit in detecting LVH and LAE compared to AHI, BSAI is still widely used in daily practice either for reasons of tradition or simplicity.</p>
				<p> In addition to what has already been reported in the literature, the results of this study highlight the significant discrepancy in the classification of subjects according to the presence or absence of TOD when using one indexing method or the other, which is more evident in subjects with severe obesity.</p>
				<p> In view of the evidence provided, we must increase efforts to adapt practice to the characteristics of the population we treat. To this end, we consider it essential to include in the echocardiography equipment a calculation package appropriate to this population in order to allow the application of AHI in the parameters above mentioned, and to recommend its implementation in local clinical practice guidelines. Besides, we suggest considering the systematic use of AHI in all hypertensive subjects. </p>
				<p> LVM and LAV indexed to BSA underestimate the presence of TOD in hypertensive overweight or obese patients, leading to an incorrect assessment of their cardiovascular risk and the therapeutic implications of this underdiagnosis. We hope this study will help to bring this issue to the forefront.</p>
				<sec>
					<title>Limitations</title>
					<p> Prevalence of LVH in our sample was lower than in other studies, probably because all subjects were on treatment and most had BP values near to normal. Reclassification of LV morphological patterns and ventricular enlargement was not evaluated due to sample size limitations. The value of the k- statistic is influenced by the prevalence of the phenomenon under study, so caution should be exercised when extrapolating the data to populations with different characteristics.</p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<ack>
				<title>Acknowledgments </title>
				<p> We thank Bárbara Lux and María Fernanda Ramírez Serrano for their collaboration in data collection.</p>
			</ack>
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			</fn-group>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn13">
					<label>13</label>
					<p>This article won the Dr. Oscar Orías Award - special mention “Accesit” at the 50th Argentine Congress of Cardiology</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>-->
</article>