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<article article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="es" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rac</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Revista argentina de cardiología</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Rev Argent Cardiol</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">0034-7000</issn>
			<issn pub-type="epub">1850-3748</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7775/rac.es.v93.i2.20885</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">00002</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>EDITORIAL</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>La fibrilación auricular de <italic>novo</italic> en el IAMCEST: una señal de alarma clínica</article-title>
				<trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
					<trans-title><italic>De novo</italic> Atrial Fibrillation in STEMI: A Clinical Red Flag</trans-title>
				</trans-title-group>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-1668-7221</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>RIVERO</surname>
						<given-names>MIRZA</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>MTSAC</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				</contrib-group>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original"> Coordinadora de Unidad Coronaria at Centro de Educación Médica e Investigación Clínica, CEMIC, CABA, Argentina</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Unidad Coronaria</institution>
					<institution content-type="normalized">Centro de Educación Médica e Investigación Clínica</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">CABA</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="AR">Argentina</country>
					<email>mrivero@cemic.edu.ar</email>
				</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1">
					<label> Dirección para correspondencia: </label> Mirza Rivero Email: <email>mrivero@cemic.edu.ar</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn2">
					<label>Declaración de conflicto de intereses</label>
					<p> El autor declara no tener conflicto de intereses. (Véase formularios de conflictos de interés de los autores en la Web).</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn3">
					<label>Consideraciones éticas</label>
					<p> No aplica</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<!--<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>16</day>
				<month>05</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<season>Mar-Apr</season>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>-->
			<pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
				<season>Mar-Apr</season>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>93</volume>
			<issue>2</issue>
			<fpage>97</fpage>
			<lpage>98</lpage>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="es">
					<license-p>Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="0"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="12"/>
				<page-count count="2"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>La fibrilación auricular (FA) es la arritmia más frecuente a la que se enfrentan los cardiólogos en múltiples contextos clínicos: en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca, en el posoperatorio de cirugías cardíacas y no cardíacas, en unidades de cuidados intensivos, y también, por supuesto, en el infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM). (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>) Se estima que aproximadamente el 10% de los pacientes con un síndrome coronario agudo presentan FA de <italic>novo</italic> en la internación, (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>) y esta incidencia puede ser mayor luego de un monitoreo intensivo o con el uso de dispositivos implantables. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>)</p>
		<p>Los factores de riesgo para FA están bien definidos: edad avanzada, obesidad, hipertensión arterial, tabaquismo, diabetes, consumo excesivo de alcohol. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>) Estos se superponen en gran medida con los factores de riesgo de infarto, lo que nos obliga a preguntarnos: ¿por qué algunos pacientes con IAM desarrollan FA durante el evento agudo? Esta pregunta remite, por un lado, al sustrato (edad, fibrosis auricular, enfermedad estructural), pero también revela que la FA puede ser un marcador de la gravedad del cuadro clínico, probablemente gatillada por la descarga adrenérgica y el estrés hemodinámico propio de una insuficiencia cardíaca aguda. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>)</p>
		<p>Intentar predecir qué pacientes desarrollarán FA en el contexto de un IAM es un paso relevante hacia una estratificación de riesgo más precisa y una mejor orientación terapéutica. En la práctica, el paciente con IAM con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST) y FA genera múltiples interrogantes: ¿la FA implica necesariamente insuficiencia cardíaca? ¿Debe priorizarse el control del ritmo o solo el de la frecuencia? ¿Corresponde iniciar anticoagulación de inmediato, incluso si la FA revierte espontáneamente? ¿Cómo manejar el equilibrio entre anticoagulación y antiagregación?</p>
		<p>En esta edición de la Revista Argentina de Cardiología, Julia Janches Quiñones y colaboradores nos acercan al abordaje de estas cuestiones a través del análisis retrospectivo del registro continuo ARGEN-IAM-ST, con el objetivo de estimar la incidencia, predictores y valor pronóstico de la FA de <italic>novo</italic> en el IAMCEST. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>) En una cohorte de más de 7200 pacientes, encuentran una incidencia del 4,3% de FA de <italic>novo</italic> y, mediante el uso del algoritmo Boruta —una herramienta de selección de variables en entornos de <italic>machine learning</italic>— identifican como predictores clínicos a la edad ≥70 años, clase Killip y Kimball B-D, taquicardia al ingreso y fracción de eyección &lt;35%. </p>
		<p>En este análisis, la FA de <italic>novo</italic> se asoció con mayor incidencia de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico (2,5% vs. 0,8%), mayor duración de internación y una tasa de mortalidad intrahospitalaria significativamente más alta (23,3% vs. 8,2%). Sin embargo, al ajustar por variables de confusión, la FA de <italic>novo</italic> no se comportó como predictor independiente de mortalidad, lo que sugiere que más que una causa directa, la FA es probablemente un marcador de mayor severidad clínica y disfunción ventricular, al menos durante la estadía hospitalaria. </p>
		<p>Si bien la FA no se pudo mostrar como un predictor de muerte independiente en la internación en este estudio, aún queda por establecer cuál es su rol en el pronóstico a largo plazo de estos pacientes. Varios estudios similares sugieren que el pronóstico de la FA de <italic>novo</italic> luego de un IAM tiene un pronóstico similar a la FA diagnosticada antes de que ocurra el evento isquémico, con las implicancias de aumento del riesgo tromboembólico, toma de decisiones de anticoagulación y aumento del riesgo hemorrágico. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>)</p>
		<p>A diferencia de otros modelos de predicción construidos en cohortes seleccionadas o ensayos clínicos, este trabajo ofrece una mirada representativa del mundo real en la Argentina. El uso del algoritmo Boruta, una técnica que permite identificar, entre numerosas variables, aquellas con mayor poder predictivo, habitualmente reservado a contextos de ciencia de datos, muestra una evolución metodológica dentro de los registros clínicos nacionales. Sin embargo, es importante destacar que el modelo no incluyó variables relacionadas con el tamaño del infarto o su localización, ni parámetros ecocardiográficos auriculares, ni seguimiento luego de la internación, lo cual podría enriquecer futuros desarrollos.</p>
		<p>Estos hallazgos complementan y amplían observaciones realizadas en otros contextos clínicos. En un análisis reciente del registro de SCACEST del estudio Buenos Aires I, se observó que la FA también se comporta como un marcador de mayor riesgo clínico en pacientes con infarto sin elevación del ST, asociado a mayor edad, disfunción ventricular e insuficiencia cardíaca, aunque sin impacto independiente en la mortalidad. La comparación entre ambos registros —SCACEST e IAMCEST— refuerza la hipótesis de que la FA de <italic>novo</italic> en el contexto de un síndrome coronario agudo, más que una entidad aislada, debe entenderse como una expresión de la severidad hemodinámica y la fragilidad basal del paciente. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>)</p>
		<p>Este trabajo representa una valiosa contribución local que describe con datos nacionales una complicación frecuente y desafiante, apoyado en un registro robusto y continuo como ARGEN-IAM. Aunque el modelo predictivo no modifica la conducta terapéutica por sí solo, sí permite reconocer con claridad un fenotipo clínico —añoso, con deterioro hemodinámico y disfunción ventricular— que justifica vigilancia intensiva, evaluación precoz de complicaciones, y un enfoque cuidadoso en el manejo antitrombótico.</p>
		<p>A su vez, abre las puertas a continuar investigando en las consecuencias pronosticas y terapéuticas a largo plazo de la FA de <italic>novo</italic> post infarto de miocardio, un terreno poco explorado en la región. </p>
	</body>
	<back>
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				<label>1</label>
				<p>Miembro Titular de la Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología</p>
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	</back>
	<!--<sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="en">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>EDITORIAL</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title><italic>De novo</italic> Atrial Fibrillation in STEMI: A Clinical Red Flag</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-1668-7221</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>RIVERO</surname>
						<given-names>MIRZA</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>MTSAC</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff2">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original"> Coordinator of the Coronary Care Unit at Centro de Educación Médica e Investigación Clínica, CEMIC, Buenos Aires City, Argentina</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Coronary Care Unit</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Centro de Educación Médica e Investigación Clínica</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<city>Buenos Aires City</city>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="AR">Argentina</country>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c2">
					<label>Correspondence</label>: Mirza Rivero Email: <email>mrivero@cemic.edu.ar</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn4">
					<label>Conflicts of interest</label>
					<p> None declared. (See authors conflicts of interest forms on the website).</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn5">
					<label>Ethical considerations</label>
					<p> Not applicable.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered by cardiologists in a variety of clinical settings: in patients with heart failure, in the postoperative period following cardiac and non-cardiac surgery, in intensive care units, and, of course, in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">1</xref>) It is estimated that approximately 10% of patients with acute coronary syndrome present with <italic>de novo</italic> AF on admission, (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">3</xref>) and this incidence may be even higher after intensive monitoring or the use of implantable devices. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">5</xref>)</p>
			<p>The risk factors for AF are well established: advanced age, obesity, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and excessive alcohol consumption. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">7</xref>) These factors largely overlap with those for myocardial infarction, which raises the question: why do some patients with AMI develop AF during the acute event? This question points, on the one hand, to the substrate (age, atrial fibrosis, structural heart disease) and, on the other hand, indicates that AF may be a marker of the severity of the clinical condition, likely triggered by an adrenergic discharge and the hemodynamic stress characteristic of acute heart failure. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">2</xref>)</p>
			<p>Attempting to predict which patients will develop AF in the context of AMI is an important step toward a more accurate risk stratification and better therapeutic guidance. In practice, patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and AF raise multiple questions: does AF necessarily indicate heart failure? Should rhythm or rate control be prioritized? Should anticoagulation be initiated immediately, even if AF reverts spontaneously? How should the balance between anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy be managed?</p>
			<p>In this issue of the Argentine Journal of Cardiology, Julia Janches Quiñones and colleagues address these questions through a retrospective analysis of the ARGEN-IAM-ST continuous registry, to assess the incidence, predictors, and prognostic value of <italic>de novo</italic> AF in STEMI. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">8</xref>) In a cohort of over 7200 patients, they found a 4.3% incidence of <italic>de novo</italic> AF and, using the Boruta algorithm-a variable selection tool in machine learning environments-they identified age ≥70 years, Killip and Kimball classes B-D, tachycardia on admission, and ejection fraction &lt;35% as clinical predictors.</p>
			<p>In this analysis, <italic>de novo</italic> AF was associated with a higher incidence of ischemic stroke (2.5% vs. 0.8%), longer hospital stay, and a significantly higher in-hospital mortality rate (23.3% vs. 8.2%). However, after adjustment for confounding variables, <italic>de novo</italic> AF did not act as an independent predictor of mortality, suggesting that, rather than being a direct cause, it is more likely a marker of greater clinical severity and ventricular dysfunction, at least during hospitalization.</p>
			<p>Although <italic>de novo</italic> AF was not shown to be an independent predictor of in-hospital death in this study, the role of AF in the long-term prognosis of these patients remains to be determined. Several similar studies suggest that the prognosis of <italic>de novo</italic> AF following AMI is similar to that of AF diagnosed prior to the ischemic event, with implications for increased thromboembolic risk, anticoagulation decisions, and higher bleeding risk. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">11</xref>)</p>
			<p>Unlike other prediction models developed in selected cohorts or clinical trials, this study offers a representative view of the real-world practice in Argentina. The use of the Boruta algorithm-a technique usually reserved for data science contexts to identify the most predictive variables-reflects a methodological advancement in national clinical registries. However, it is worth noting that the model did not include variables related to infarct size or location, atrial echocardiographic parameters, or post-hospitalization follow-up, which could enhance future developments.</p>
			<p>These findings complement and expand on observations made in other clinical settings. In a recent analysis of the SCACEST registry from the Buenos Aires I study, AF was also identified as a marker of higher clinical risk in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, associated with older age, ventricular dysfunction, and heart failure, although without an independent impact on mortality. The comparison between the two registries-SCACEST and IAMCEST-reinforces the hypothesis that <italic>de novo</italic> AF in the context of acute coronary syndrome, rather than being an isolated entity, should be understood as an expression of the patient’s hemodynamic severity and baseline frailty. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">12</xref>)</p>
			<p>This study represents a valuable local contribution that describes a frequent and challenging complication using national data, supported by a robust and continuous registry such as ARGEN-IAM. Although the predictive model does not, by itself, change therapeutic decision-making, it enables the clear identification of a clinical phenotype-elderly patients with hemodynamic deterioration and ventricular dysfunction-that justifies intensive monitoring, early assessment of complications, and a cautious approach to antithrombotic management.</p>
			<p>Moreover, this work paves the way to further research into the long-term prognostic and therapeutic implications of <italic>novo</italic> AF following myocardial infarction-a field that remains largely unexplored in the region.</p>
		</body>
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