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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rac</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Revista argentina de cardiología</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Rev Argent Cardiol</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">0034-7000</issn>
			<issn pub-type="epub">1850-3748</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7775/rac.es.v93.i2.20880</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">00013</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>CARTA CIENTÍFICA</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Resultados de la reparación de aneurisma de aorta abdominal convencional y EVAR</article-title>
				<trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
					<trans-title>Results of Conventional and EVAR Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair</trans-title>
				</trans-title-group>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-6652-6244</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>FIGUEROA C</surname>
						<given-names>ADOLFO</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1b"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-4159-885X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>LOAYZA PÉREZ</surname>
						<given-names>CARLOS</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>CASTAÑO</surname>
						<given-names>ROMINA</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>RINALDI</surname>
						<given-names>JUAN P.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>FUENTES</surname>
						<given-names>CLAUDIO</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>CASTRO PIZARRO</surname>
						<given-names>RODOLFO</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				</contrib-group>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original">Servicio de Cirugía Vascular Periférica , Hospital Italiano de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servicio de Cirugía Vascular Periférica</institution>
					<institution content-type="normalized">Hospital Italiano de Córdoba</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Córdoba</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="AR">Argentina</country>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff1b">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original">Servicio de Cirugía Vascular Periférica , Hospital Italiano de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servicio de Cirugía Vascular Periférica</institution>
					<institution content-type="normalized">Hospital Italiano de Córdoba</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Córdoba</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="AR">Argentina</country>
					 <email>joseafigueroa82@hotmail.com</email>
				</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1">
					<label><italic>Dirección para correspondencia:</italic></label> Adolfo Figueroa C. Correo electrónico: <email>joseafigueroa82@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn1">
					<label>Declaración de conflicto de intereses</label>
					<p> Los autores declaran no tener conflicto de intereses. (Véase formularios de conflictos de interés de los autores en la Web).</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn2">
					<label>Consideraciones éticas</label>
					<p> No aplica</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<!--<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>16</day>
				<month>05</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<season>Mar-Apr</season>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>-->
			<pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
				<season>Mar-Apr</season>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>93</volume>
			<issue>2</issue>
			<fpage>160</fpage>
			<lpage>161</lpage>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="es">
					<license-p>Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="0"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="6"/>
				<page-count count="2"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>El aneurisma de aorta abdominal (AAA) se define como una dilatación de la aorta a dicho nivel de un diámetro de 30 mm o superior. Tiene una prevalencia de 1,5%-5,9% en personas de 50 años o más, más alta aun en fumadores. Además del tabaco se asocia a factores de riesgo como la ateroesclerosis, hipertensión arterial y dislipidemia. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</p>
		<p>La introducción de técnicas endovasculares (EVAR) en la reparación de los AAA rotos surgió como alternativa a la cirugía abierta convencional y hoy se considera como primera opción en casos con anatomía favorable. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</p>
		<p>El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue analizar los resultados en nuestro centro en el manejo de los pacientes con AAA asintomáticos y complicados, comparando la cirugía convencional con la endovascular (EVAR).</p>
		<p>Realizamos un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, de 45 pacientes con diagnóstico de aneurisma de aorta abdominal (AAA) asintomático o complicado con signos vitales presentes (pulsos periféricos palpables, presión arterial perceptible o ruidos cardíacos audibles) que fueron intervenidos en el Hospital Italiano de Córdoba, entre enero de 2016 y noviembre de 2020. El seguimiento se extendió hasta los 5 años del alta hospitalaria. El análisis estadístico se realizó con InfoStat <sup>®</sup>versión 2016e. Para el análisis de diferencias significativas utilizamos las pruebas T de Student y chi-cuadrado, Consideramos significativa un valor de p &lt;0,05. </p>
		<p>Fueron incluidos 35 hombres y 10 mujeres, de edad entre 51 y 85 años, con promedio de 73,3 años. Alta proporción de los pacientes tenía factores de riesgo y patologías concomitantes: hipertensión arterial en 39, tabaquismo en 40, cardiopatía isquémica en 10 y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva en 8. </p>
		<p>De los 45 pacientes intervenidos, 25 (55,5 %) eran pacientes asintomáticos y 20 (44,4 %), presentaban aneurisma complicado o roto. Se empleó cirugía convencional en 27 (60%) y EVAR en 18 (40 %).</p>
		<p>De los 25 aneurismas asintomáticos 8 (32 %) fueron reparados de forma convencional y 17 (68%) mediante EVAR. De los 20 aneurismas complicados 19 (95%) se repararon con cirugía convencional y 1 (5 %) mediante EVAR (este único paciente reparado del grupo de los complicados fue por un <italic>endoleak</italic> previo de 2015).</p>
		<p>El tipo de presentación clínica fue un determinante importante para elegir el tipo de cirugía: la cirugía convencional se realizó en 8 asintomáticos y 19 complicados; EVAR en 17 asintomáticos y solo 1 complicado (p &lt;0,0001) </p>
		<p>La media del diámetro del AAA difirió significativamente entre los casos asintomáticos y los complicados (rotos): 66,16 mm vs 82,4 mm (p = 0,0061). </p>
		<p>También fue significativamente diferente la duración de la internación: 9,6± 9 días para la cirugía convencional frente a 2,7 ± 1 para EVAR (p&lt;0,001). Ello lógicamente tuvo su correlato en la diferente duración de internación según el cuadro de ingreso, con medias de 3,6 días en los asintomáticos y 11,7 días en los complicados. </p>
		<p>La mortalidad global de la serie de 45 pacientes fue 33,3 % (n = 15). Entre los 25 pacientes asintomáticos hubo 2 muertes (8 %), ninguna en los 17 pacientes con EVAR frente a 2 entre los 8 pacientes con cirugía convencional (25 %), p = 0,093. Entre los 20 pacientes complicados hubo 13 muertes (65%, p &lt;0,001 vs. los asintomáticos), todas entre los 19 pacientes sometidos a cirugía (40 %). Los 2 pacientes muertos entre los electivos lo fueron por sepsis; casi la mitad de los muertos entre los complicados lo fueron por falla multiorgánica.</p>
		<p>Al comparar la sobrevida alejada a 60 meses con cirugía convencional<italic>vs. EVAR</italic> en los pacientes dados de alta, no se observó diferencia significativa (92,6%<italic>vs</italic>88,9%, p = 0,587).</p>
		<p>Los resultados del presente análisis constatan una mayor incidencia de intervenciones en el sexo masculino y en edad avanzada de la vida, lo que coincide con la literatura consultada. La edad es considerada habitualmente un factor de riesgo importante en todas las experiencias comunicadas. Sin embargo, hay suficiente evidencia de que la morbimortalidad depende en parte de factores predecibles, modificables o controlables. Coincidiendo con que la mayoría de los pacientes incluidos en la muestra superaban la sexta década de vida, más de la mitad de ellos presentaban varias comorbilidades asociadas. La evidencia de la asociación entre fumar y AAA fue proporcionada por primera vez por el estudio de Framingham en 1967. Otros estudios también mostraron resultados similares, donde el tabaco y la hipertensión aumentaron el riesgo de tener un aneurisma aórtico en un 30-40 % y un 70-80 por ciento respectivamente. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>)</p>
		<p>El tipo de presentación clínica fue un determinante importante para elegir el tipo de reparación. En la mayoría de los estudios la inestabilidad hemodinámica es uno de los criterios de exclusión para EVAR: los pacientes son intervenidos mediante cirugía convencional o abierta de forma inmediata al no poder realizarse los estudios necesarios para planificar el EVAR. Sin embargo, estos factores adversos pueden superarse mediante el cumplimiento de un protocolo apropiado que emplee el uso de un enfoque hemostático hipotensor y técnica de oclusión con balón aórtico transfemoral. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>) </p>
		<p>Publicaciones recientes demuestran que AAA pequeños pueden ser observados periódicamente, con controles clínicos estrictos, sin una tasa mayor de ruptura si se intervienen aquellos que presentan crecimiento acelerado o alcanzan un diámetro igual o superior a 5,5 cm. En la presente serie, el tamaño promedio del AAA en pacientes operados asintomáticos fue 6,6 cm, y en los complicados 8,2 cm, lo que revela una actitud conservadora en la indicación operatoria. </p>
		<p>Más allá del riesgo que impone la patología la intervención quirúrgica <italic>per se</italic> influye significativamente en el riesgo perioperatorio, relacionado con las complicaciones subyacentes y el estrés asociado a la lesión tisular; el tratamiento mediante EVAR es menos agresivo y ello se refleja en estadía hospitalaria más corta. En nuestro registro la internación fue más breve en los pacientes asintomáticos, que en los complicados, y más prolongada en ambos casos con el tratamiento convencional, similar a lo descripto en otros registros nacionales. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>) </p>
		<p>La mortalidad posoperatoria de los aneurismas de aorta abdominal complicados reportada es de aproximadamente 30 a 50 %. En nuestro estudio la mortalidad global fue del 33,3 % A pesar de nuestro pequeño tamaño muestral, podemos concordar con el metaanálisis de Qin et al, (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>) en el que se demostraron diferencias significativas a favor del EVAR en cuanto a mortalidad en los primeros 30 días tras la intervención.</p>
		<p>Con respecto a los aneurismas asintomáticos, obtuvimos un 8 % de mortalidad con la cirugía convencional y 0 % en el caso de EVAR, similar a lo expuesto por grandes estudios donde el tratamiento endovascular disminuyó la mortalidad intrahospitalaria, por ejemplo en el estudio EVAR, en que la mortalidad fue 1,8 % con cirugía endovascular y 4,3 % con cirugía convencional). (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>) </p>
	</body>
	<back>
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							<surname>Thompson</surname>
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						<name>
							<surname>Epstein</surname>
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						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Sculpher</surname>
							<given-names>MJ</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Endovascular versus open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm</article-title>
					<source>N Engl J Med</source>
					<year>2010</year>
					<volume>362</volume>
					<fpage>1863</fpage>
					<lpage>1871</lpage>
					<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0909305">https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0909305</ext-link>
				</element-citation>
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	</back>
	<!--<sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="en">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>SCIENTIFIC LETTER</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Results of Conventional and EVAR Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-6652-6244</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>FIGUEROA C</surname>
						<given-names>ADOLFO</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-4159-885X</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>LOAYZA PÉREZ</surname>
						<given-names>CARLOS</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>CASTAÑO</surname>
						<given-names>ROMINA</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>RINALDI</surname>
						<given-names>JUAN P.</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>FUENTES</surname>
						<given-names>CLAUDIO</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>CASTRO PIZARRO</surname>
						<given-names>RODOLFO</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff2">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original">Department of Peripheral Vascular Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Peripheral Vascular Surgery</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Italiano de Córdoba</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<city>Córdoba</city>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="AR">Argentina</country>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c2">
					<label><italic>Correspondence</italic></label><italic>:</italic> Adolfo Figueroa C. E-mail: <email>joseafigueroa82@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn3">
					<label>Conflicts of interest</label>
					<p> None declared (Se authors’ conflicts of interest forms on the Web).</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn4">
					<label>Ethical considerations</label>
					<p> Not applicable.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a 30-mm diameter or greater dilation of the aorta at the abdominal level, exhibiting a prevalence of 1.5%-5.9% in people aged 50 years or older, and even higher in smokers. In addition to smoking, it is associated with risk factors such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and dyslipidemia. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">1</xref>)</p>
			<p>The introduction of endovascular techniques for the repair of ruptured AAAs has emerged as an alternative to conventional open surgery and is now considered the first option in cases with favorable anatomy. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">1</xref>)</p>
			<p>The aim of our study was to analyze the results in the management of patients with asymptomatic and complicated AAA in our center, comparing conventional surgery with endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).</p>
			<p>We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study of 45 patients with a diagnosis of asymptomatic or complicated AAA presenting with vital signs (palpable peripheral pulses, detectable blood pressure or audible heart sounds), who underwent surgery at Hospital Italiano de Córdoba between January 2016 and November 2020. Follow-up was extended to 5 years after hospital discharge. Statistical analysis was performed with InfoStat<sup>®</sup> version 2016e. Student's t-test and the chi-square test were used for the analysis of significant differences, considering p &lt;0.05 as level of significance.</p>
			<p>Thirty-five men and 10 women aged between 51 and 85 years, with average age of 73.3 years, were included in the study. A high proportion of patients had risk factors and concomitant diseases: hypertension in 39, smoking in 40, ischemic heart disease in 10 and obstructive pulmonary disease in 8. </p>
			<p>Of the 45 patients operated on, 25 (55.5%) were asymptomatic and 20 (44.4%) had complicated or ruptured aneurysm. Conventional surgery was used in 27 (60%) and EVAR in 18 (40%).</p>
			<p>Among the 25 asymptomatic aneurysms, 8 (32%) were repaired conventionally and 17 (68%) by EVAR. In the case of the 20 complicated aneurysms, 19 (95%) were repaired with conventional surgery and 1 (5%) by EVAR (this only repaired patient in the complicated group because of a previous endoleak.).</p>
			<p>The type of clinical presentation was an important factor for choosing the type of surgery: conventional surgery was performed in 8 asymptomatic and 19 complicated patients, and EVAR in 17 asymptomatic patients and only in 1complicated patient (p &lt;0.0001). </p>
			<p>Mean AAA diameter differed significantly between asymptomatic and complicated (ruptured) cases: 66.16 mm vs 82.4 mm (p=0.0061). </p>
			<p>Hospital length of stay was also significantly different: 9.6±9 days for conventional surgery versus 2.7±1 for EVAR (p&lt;0.001). This logically had its correlation with the different length of hospitalization according to the admission condition, with means of 3.6 days in asymptomatic patients and 11.7 days in complicated patients. </p>
			<p>Overall mortality of the series of 45 patients was 33.3% (n=15). Among the 25 asymptomatic patients there were 2 deaths (8%), none in the 17 patients with EVAR vs. 2 among the 8 patients with conventional surgery, p=0.093. Among the 20 complicated patients there were 13 deaths (p &lt;0.001 versus asymptomatic ones), all among the 19 patients who underwent conventional surgery. The 2 patients who died among the elective patients were due to sepsis, and almost half of the deaths among the complicated patients were due to multiple organ failure.</p>
			<p>When comparing the 60-month long-term survival with conventional surgery vs. EVAR in discharged patients, no significant difference was observed (92.6% <italic>vs.</italic> 88.9%, p=0.587).</p>
			<p>The results of the present analysis show a higher incidence of interventions in the male sex and at an advanced age, which coincides with the literature consulted. Age is usually considered an important risk factor in all the reported experiences. However, there is sufficient evidence that morbidity and mortality depend in part on predictable, modifiable or controllable factors. Coinciding with the fact that most of the patients included in the sample were over the sixth decade of life, more than half of them had several associated comorbidities. Evidence of the association between smoking and AAA was first provided by the Framingham study in 1967. Other studies also showed similar results, where smoking and hypertension increased the risk of having an aortic aneurysm by 30-40% and 70-80%, respectively. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">2</xref>)</p>
			<p>The type of clinical presentation was an important element in choosing the type of repair. In most studies, hemodynamic instability is one of the exclusion criteria for EVAR: patients undergo immediate conventional or open surgery because the necessary studies to plan EVAR cannot be performed. However, these adverse factors can be overcome by following an appropriate protocol that employs the use of a hypotensive hemostatic approach and transfemoral aortic balloon occlusion technique. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">3</xref>) </p>
			<p>Recent publications show that small AAA can be observed periodically, with strict clinical controls, without a higher rupture rate if those that present accelerated growth or reach a diameter equal to or greater than 5.5 cm are operated on. In the present series, the average size of AAA in asymptomatic operated patients was 6.6 cm, and in complicated patients 8.2 cm, which reveals a conservative attitude in the surgical indication. </p>
			<p>Beyond the risk imposed by the disease, surgical intervention <italic>per se</italic> significantly influences perioperative risk, related to underlying complications and stress associated with tissue injury; treatment by EVAR is less aggressive and this is reflected by shorter hospital stay. In our registry, hospitalization was shorter in asymptomatic than in complicated patients, and longer in both cases with conventional treatment, similar to what has been described in other national registries. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">4</xref>) </p>
			<p>The postoperative mortality of complicated AAA is reported to be approximately 30-50%. In our study overall mortality was 33.3%. Despite our small sample size, we can agree with the meta-analysis of Qin et al, (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">5</xref>) which demonstrated significant differences in favor of EVAR in terms of mortality in the first 30 days after surgery.</p>
			<p>With respect to asymptomatic aneurysms, we obtained 8% mortality with conventional surgery and 0% in the case of EVAR, similar to that reported by large studies where endovascular treatment decreased in-hospital mortality, as for example in the EVAR study, where mortality was 1.8% with endovascular surgery and 4.3% with conventional surgery. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">6</xref>)</p>
		</body>
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