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Mapping the landscape of transplant research: A bibliometric study of Colombian centers (2013-2024)
Fernando Girón-Luque; Andrea Gómez-Montero; Marianella Ibarra-Padilla;
Fernando Girón-Luque; Andrea Gómez-Montero; Marianella Ibarra-Padilla; Maritza Jiménez-Gómez; Santiago Cabas; Nicolás Lozano-Suárez; Andrea García-López
Mapping the landscape of transplant research: A bibliometric study of Colombian centers (2013-2024)
Mapeo del panorama de la investigación en trasplantes: Un estudio bibliométrico de centros colombianos (2013-2024)
Revista Colombiana de Cirugía, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 572-583, 2025
Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía
resúmenes
secciones
referencias
imágenes

Abstract

Introduction.: Despite the critical importance of organ transplantation as a therapeutic strategy for end-stage organ failure, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the research landscape in this field in Colombia. This study aims to perform a bibliometric analysis of the literature on solid organ transplants published in Colombia.

Methods.: A bibliometric analysis of transplant publications from Colombian centers between 2013 and 2024 was conducted, excluding conferences, abstracts and letters to the editor. Databases as PubMed, LILACS, Embase, and Scielo were accessed through a systematic review including the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) term “transplant” and a Colombian affiliation was required. Two researchers independently reviewed the results. Variables such as authors’ names, affiliations, journal impact factor, co-author count, and citation numbers were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Bibliometrix R-package for quantitative and visual data.

Results.: Search engines provided 1,898 articles, and only 292 met the inclusion criteria. Scientific production has increased, peaking in 2021 indicating a growing body of research. Key journals included Transplantation Proceedings and Biomedica. Prominent authors like Piñero F and Silva M had significant impact, and Brazil and Argentina were major collaborators. The main research themes were kidney and liver transplantation, with notable attention to donor selection in recent years.

Conclusion.: This bibliometric analysis provides insights into the state of transplant research in Colombia, aiming to enhance regional health outcomes through collaborative efforts. The study highlights the need for further research to address the identified gaps and challenges.

Keywords: Transplantation, organ transplantation, kidney transplantation, liver transplantation, bibliometrics.

Resumen

Introducción.: A pesar de la importancia del trasplante de órganos como tratamiento para la insuficiencia orgánica terminal, la investigación en este campo en Colombia no ha sido completamente explorada. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis bibliométrico de la literatura sobre trasplantes de órganos sólidos publicada en Colombia.

Métodos.: Se analizó la producción científica en trasplantes de centros colombianos entre 2013 y 2024, excluyendo conferencias, resúmenes y cartas al editor. Se utilizaron bases de datos como PubMed, LILACS, Embase y SciELO, con una búsqueda que incluyó el término MeSH transplant y se exigió una afiliación colombiana. Dos investigadores revisaron los resultados de forma independiente. Se analizaron variables como nombres de autores, afiliaciones, factor de impacto de revistas, número de coautores y citas, utilizando estadísticas descriptivas y el paquete R Bibliometrix.

Resultados.: Se encontraron 1898 artículos, de los cuales 292 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La producción científica mostró un aumento, alcanzando su pico en 2021, lo que sugiere un crecimiento en la investigación. Las revistas más relevantes incluyeron Transplantation Proceedings y Biomédica. Autores como Piñero F y Silva M tuvieron un impacto significativo, y Brasil y Argentina fueron los principales colaboradores. Los temas principales fueron el trasplante renal y hepático, con mayor atención a la selección de donantes en años recientes.

Conclusión.: Este análisis bibliométrico proporciona una visión del estado de la investigación en trasplantes en Colombia y resalta la necesidad de más estudios para abordar las brechas identificadas y mejorar los resultados en salud regional.

Palabras clave: Trasplante, trasplante de órganos, trasplante renal, trasplante hepático, bibliometría.

Carátula del artículo

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Mapping the landscape of transplant research: A bibliometric study of Colombian centers (2013-2024)

Mapeo del panorama de la investigación en trasplantes: Un estudio bibliométrico de centros colombianos (2013-2024)

Fernando Girón-Luque
Colombiana de Trasplantes, Colombia
Colombiana de Trasplantes, Colombia
Andrea Gómez-Montero
Colombiana de Trasplantes, Colombia
Marianella Ibarra-Padilla
Universidad del Rosario, Colombia
Maritza Jiménez-Gómez
Colombiana de Trasplantes, Colombia
Santiago Cabas
Colombiana de Trasplantes, Colombia
Nicolás Lozano-Suárez
Universidad CES, Colombia
Andrea García-López
Colombiana de Trasplantes, Colombia
Revista Colombiana de Cirugía, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 572-583, 2025
Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía

Received: 10 September 2024

Accepted: 19 October 2024

Published: 24 January 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30944/20117582.2737

Introduction

Organ transplantation is a leading therapeutic strategy for end-stage organ failure, enhancing survival rates, quality of life, and public health, while reducing socioeconomic burden 1,2. The field has globally advanced with the development of innovative techniques and improved success rates due to ongoing research 3,4.

In the Latin American region, health outcomes have seen a positive impact due to the advancements in the field of solid organ transplants 5,6. Among these countries, Colombia has experienced significant development in this landscape over the past decades 7,8. Current data shows an increase in annual transplants, particularly kidney and liver transplants 9,10. However, persistent challenges include the need for a mandatory transplant database, increased donor identification, and governmental support to optimize quality and increase transplant rates 8,11. A collaborative approach, engaging multiple stakeholders across the healthcare sector is required to address these issues 5,8.

Scientific research and publications are essential for organ transplantation advancement 12. They serve as a record of knowledge and progress, guiding clinical practice, informing health policies, and encouraging innovation 13. Collaborative research efforts across Colombian centers are essential for progress and addressing transplantation challenges. In this context, bibliometric analysis is a useful approach for evaluating scientific output, providing insights into research development, and impact 14. This study aims to perform a bibliometric analysis of the literature on solid organ transplants published in Colombia.

Methods

Study Design

This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of the past decade’s literature (2013-2024), focusing on transplant-related publications from researchers affiliated with Colombian institutions until January 23, 2024. The search strategy included engines such as Pubmed, LILACS, Embase, and Scielo, using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) term transplants. Additionally, each researcher’s profile must have indicated an affiliation with at least one Colombian institution, guaranteeing its participation in the country.

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Articles published between 2013 and 2024 were considered, encompassing all types of publications except for conference abstracts and letters to the editor. The study was confined to human research, excluding animal models. All organ transplantation-related topics were included. Additionally, the publications were published in national or international journals. Articles were evaluated through title, abstract, and full-text examination in the present study. Two researchers independently conducted the primary data selection and discussed any potential differences.

Variables and Outcomes

The analysis included: authors’ names, affiliations of the authors, corresponding author’s name, corresponding author’s affiliation, title, journal, quartile, Scimago impact factor of the publication year, number of co-authors, country, language, article type, keywords, MeSH terms, year of publication, total citations count. Some of these variables were obtained through automatic software extraction and others were filled out manually by the research team.

Statistical Analysis

Descriptive statistics were employed to report demographic characteristics: frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and means and standard deviations for numerical variables. An analysis focused on the ten most relevant authors, institutions and countries was included. Additionally, the Bibliometrix R-package was used for obtaining some variables data, conducting quantitative analysis in bibliometrics and scientometrics and generating graphical resources 15.

Results

Included studies

In the initial phase of the study, search engines provided 1,898 articles, which were reduced to 1,673 after removing duplicates. After further scrutiny of titles, abstracts, and full texts, only 292 met the inclusion criteria. Figure 1 categorizes the annual count of publications by year of publication, showing an increase until 2021, followed by a decrease in transplant-related articles. The year 2021 marked the peak with 47 publications, of which 25 had a female as the first or last author. Over recent years, the gender distribution among first and last authors has been moving towards a more balanced ratio.


Figure 1.
Number of publications by year.

Distribution of top countries, institutions, and journals in solid organ transplantation research

Table 1 presents the distribution of publications across top countries, institutions, and journals from 2013 to 2024, along with the number of citations, average citations, and their proportion relative to the total citations and publications. Each table is sorted in descending order of the number of publications. From 2013 to 2024, Colombia dominated the publication landscape in solid organ transplantation research, contributing 57.1% of the total publications. Germany, Argentina, and USA followed with 8.4%, 8.4%, and 6.5% contributions, respectively. Fundación Valle de Lili led the institutional contributions with 14.7% of the total publications, closely followed by Universidad de Antioquia and Universidad Nacional de Colombia, each contributing 8.2%. Transplantation Proceedings emerged as the leading journal with 9.2% of the total publications, followed by Biomédica 6.5% and Revista Colombiana de Cirugía 5.4%.

Table 1.
Scientific production in organ transplantation: Top countries (by citations), institutions, and journals (by publications), 2013-2024.

Author contributions

Figure 2A presents an analysis of the contributions of various authors in organ transplantation research in Colombia from 2013 to 2024. Remarkably, Piñero F, Silva M, Poniachik J, and Marciano S stood out with the highest Total Citations per Year (TCpY) value of 10.1 in 2016. Between 2016 and 2017, Caicedo LA, Echeverri GJ, and Villegas JI emerged as the most prolific contributors. The trend shifted in 2020, with Piñero F, Silva M, Poniachik J, and Marciano S seeing a surge in the number of publications. Additionally, Giron-Luque F, a recent entrant, also made a notable contribution despite a lower citation count.


Figure 2A.
Trajectory of the Top 10 Authors in Scientific Production on Organ Transplantation in Colombia Over the Years (2013-2024). Figure 2B. Contribution of the Top 10 Countries to the Production of Scientific Studies on Solid Organ Transplantation.

Country collaboration

Figure 2B provides an overview of the scientific production in organ transplantation research, with Colombia being the common country across all research. It lists the main collaborating countries and the number of publications they have contributed. Brazil has the most publications with 35, followed by Argentina (34), Chile and Spain (23 each), Mexico (19), Germany (18), USA (16), Italy (13), and Peru (12).

Essential keywords

Figure 3A illustrates a network of distinct clusters, each differentiated by a unique color. These clusters represent the most frequently used concepts in Colombian medical research, derived from an analysis of 292 articles. Notably, “kidney transplant” and “liver transplant” emerge as the most significant concepts, with 94 and 54 occurrences, respectively.


Figure 3A.
Displays the network of connections between keywords in the field of clinical research on solid organ transplantation between 2015 and 2021, while Figure 3B specifically highlights the keywords themselves and their frequency of occurrence during the same period.

Figure 3B provides an overview of the most prevalent themes in the last seven years. “Kidney transplantation” emerges as the most frequent theme, representing an occurrence close to 100, followed by “liver transplantation” with over 50 occurrences. Other themes include graft survival, graft rejection, risk factors, and treatment outcomes.

It is worth noting that “donor selection” has gained relevance in clinical research in the last three years.

Table 2 highlights 11 studies in solid organ transplantation, with the three most cited being those led by Rincon-Arevalo (2021), Di Pasquale (2019), and Floreani (2018), which have accumulated 245, 153, and 142 citations, respectively.These findings underscore the diversity of approaches and the variety of publication types, ranging from cohort studies to reviews, which characterize the academic landscape of this field.

Table 2.
Top cited studies in solid organ transplantation and assessment of publication impact (2013-2024).

Discussion

This is the first bibliometric analysis of organ transplantation literature in Colombia during the last ten years (2013-2024). Out of 1898 articles, only 292 met the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed a growing trend by influential authors, especially until 2020. Fundación Valle de Lili had the highest number of articles, and Transplantation Proceedings was the most prolific journal. Brazil and Argentina were the top international collaborators with Colombia. The most common keywords were “kidney transplantation,” “liver transplantation,” and “graft rejection”.

The volume of transplant literature has significantly expanded in recent years 12. In 2013, only six articles were published on the topic, whereas by 2023, this number had grown to 34. Notably, 2018 and 2021 were the years with the highest scientific output. However, a recent decline in publications is likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic’s disruption of academia 16. The most influential authors in the field, Caicedo LA, Echeverri GJ, and Piñero F have made substantial contributions with 16, 12, and 11 primary author publications, respectively. This reflects the consistent effort of various organ transplant and donation teams to generate evidence in the country in diverse populations 17.

It is noteworthy that the productivity of influential authors has varied over time. Researchers such as Serna-Higuita LM, Piñero F, and Marciano S have maintained consistent productivity throughout the years. In contrast, other authors like Echeverri GJ, Villegas JI, and more recently, Giron-Luque F, have had higher publication rates during shorter periods. Despite the decades-long history of organ transplantation, the recent engagement in research reflects a dynamic shift in involvement among researchers and institutions 18. The analysis highlighted that Brazil and Argentina were the most frequently collaborating countries in the field, indicating a strong international partnership in organ transplantation research 19-24. Although international collaboration is relevant, we observe a growing trend towards regional cooperation, particularly within Latin America, alongside active engagement from leading transplant and donation nations like Spain and the United States 25-29.

In terms of citation impact, authors such as Piñero F, Silva M, Poniachik J, and Marciano S achieved the highest TCpY and the largest number of publications between 2020 and 2021. Regarding institutional productivity, Fundación Valle de Lili emerged as the leading institution with 43 publications, followed by the Universidad de Antioquia and the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, each contributing 24 publications. However, a gap was identified in co-authorship collaboration networks between authors from different institutions, suggesting a need for stronger inter-institutional collaboration. The limited collaboration between institutions, therefore, may impede progress in organ transplantation in Colombia. Thus, strengthening partnerships among Colombian research teams is crucial, as it allows for sharing knowledge, fostering innovation, and enhancing transplant outcomes. Moreover, greater collaboration could result in more comprehensive studies, improved patient care, and better health policies, ultimately contributing to the overall success of organ transplantation efforts across the country 30. As shown in Figure 2, the publications are numerous within each research team. However, collaborative work between different institutions must be strengthened, which is consistent with other studies carried out previously 13.

The distribution of top-tier journals is led by Transplantation Proceedings, followed by Biomédica, and Revista Colombiana de Cirugía. The notable presence of Biomédica and Revista Colombiana de Cirugía, with 19 and 16 publications respectively, indicate diverse research interests spanning biomedical science and clinical surgery. This pattern emphasizes the critical role of regional journals in Latin America and open access for disseminating local research findings. Additionally, the concentration of publications in these specific journals suggests robust collaborative networks and institutional affiliations, reflecting a mature and specialized field with well-established niches in transplantation research and clinical practice 31-33.

Additionally, the frequent use of the keywords “kidney transplantation,” “liver transplantation,” and “graft rejection” indicates the primary research focus within the field of organ transplantation in Colombia. This focus could be due to the high prevalence of kidney and liver diseases in Colombia, driving research efforts to address these public health concerns 5,6, availability of funding, advanced medical infrastructure, and the concentration of clinical expertise and specialized centers. Lastly, the focus on “graft rejection” aligns with global research trends, suggesting that Colombian researchers contribute to international efforts to improve transplantation outcomes 34,35.

Also, the significant growth in transplant-related research in Colombia has direct implications for clinical practice. The increased focus on kidney and liver transplantation provides valuable evidence to inform clinical guidelines, particularly in optimizing immunosuppressive regimens and standardizing donor selection criteria 31. Advances in donor characterization, a key area of recent research, can lead to improved graft survival and reduced postoperative complications 36. As research continues to expand, it will empower clinicians to make more informed, evidence-based decisions, ultimately improving outcomes for transplant recipients with complex conditions 33,37.

Despite significant regional collaboration, intra-country collaboration among Colombian research teams is crucial 21,28. While regional collaboration enhances the breadth and diversity of research endeavors, fostering intra-country collaboration strengthens local expertise, promotes knowledge exchange, and facilitates the development of tailored solutions to country-specific challenges 13,38. By pooling resources, sharing expertise, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration among Colombian research teams, synergistic efforts can accelerate scientific progress, enhance the quality of research outputs, and ultimately contribute to advancements in organ transplantation research with direct relevance to the Colombian context.

Strengths and Limitations

This study, being the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis of organ transplantation literature in Colombia, provides valuable insights into publication trends and key authors. Utilizing Bibliometrix, we conducted detailed analysis, including collaboration networks and the identification of important nodes using standardized measurements and variables. This facilitates the comparison with prior research that utilized a comparable methodology 15. However, there are several limitations that should be acknowledged. First, there may be potential selection biases in the inclusion of articles, as the search strategy may have led to the exclusion of relevant studies. Second, the analysis relies heavily on citation-based metrics, which have inherent limitations in accurately capturing the quality and true impact of research. Citation counts can be influenced by various factors, including journal visibility, author networks, and publication language, rather than purely reflecting the scientific contribution of the work. Finally, bibliometric analyses are inherently dependent on the selected databases, which may not cover all relevant publications comprehensively, potentially leading to incomplete or biased findings.

Conclusion

This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric examination of solid-organ transplantation research in Colombia from 2013 to 2024. It identifies key contributors and prevalent research themes. The study emphasizes the role of collaboration in enhancing research output and addressing health issues. In particular, the growing relevance of donor selection in clinical research over the past three years should be a focus moving forward, as it reflects the shift towards optimizing transplant outcomes. The findings are expected to boost scientific productivity, promote a collaborative research culture, improve clinical practices, and inform health policies. These efforts aim to provide a clear picture of organ transplant research in Colombia and the wider Latin American region. This understanding can guide future research and policymaking.

Supplementary material
References
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Notes
Notes
Cite as: Girón-Luque F, Gómez-Montero A, Ibarra-Padilla M, Jiménez-Gómez M, Cabas S, Lozano-Suárez N, García-López A. Mapping the landscape of transplant research: A bibliometric study of Colombian centers (2013-2024). Rev Colomb Cir. 2025;40:572-83. https://doi.org/10.30944/20117582.2737
Informed consent: This review strictly adheres to ethical standards in handling published data, ensuring proper attribution to all sources and avoiding the misuse of proprietary information. We declare that, in accordance with the principles established in the Declaration of Helsinki and Resolution 008430 of October 4, 1993, of the Ministry of Health, and given that this research was classified as low risk, this study was conducted in compliance with the established ethical guidelines. Consequently, the journal Revista Colombiana de Cirugía is exempt from any responsibility for the dissemination of the results presented in this article.
Use of Artificial Intelligence: It is worth noting that no AI-assisted technologies were used in any aspect of the study. All procedures, from data collection to analysis and discussion, were carried out manually by the research team.
Funding: Funding by Colombiana de Trasplantes.
Conflict of interest declaration
Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Author notes
Author’s contribution - Conception and design of the study: Fernando Girón-Luque, Andrea Gomez-Montero, Nicolás Lozano-Suárez, Andrea Garcia-López. - Acquisition of data: Andrea Gomez-Montero, Marianella Ibarra-Padilla, Maritza Jiménez-Gómez, Nicolás Lozano-Suárez, Andrea Garcia-López. - Data analysis and interpretation: Fernando Girón-Luque, Andrea Gomez-Montero, Marianella Ibarra-Padilla, Maritza Jiménez-Gómez, Santiago Cabas, Andrea Garcia-López. - Drafting the manuscript: Andrea Gomez-Montero, Maritza Jiménez-Gómez, Santiago Cabas. - Critical review and final approval: Fernando Girón-Luque, Andrea Gomez-Montero, Marianella Ibarra-Padilla, Maritza Jiménez-Gómez, Santiago Cabas, Nicolás Lozano-Suárez, Andrea Garcia-López.

aCorresponding author: Andrea García-López, MD, MSc. Colombiana de Trasplantes, Av. Carrera 30 # 47A - 47, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Phone number: +57 3005024618. E-mail: aegarcia@colombianadetrasplantes.com


Figure 1.
Number of publications by year.
Table 1.
Scientific production in organ transplantation: Top countries (by citations), institutions, and journals (by publications), 2013-2024.


Figure 2A.
Trajectory of the Top 10 Authors in Scientific Production on Organ Transplantation in Colombia Over the Years (2013-2024). Figure 2B. Contribution of the Top 10 Countries to the Production of Scientific Studies on Solid Organ Transplantation.

Figure 3A.
Displays the network of connections between keywords in the field of clinical research on solid organ transplantation between 2015 and 2021, while Figure 3B specifically highlights the keywords themselves and their frequency of occurrence during the same period.
Table 2.
Top cited studies in solid organ transplantation and assessment of publication impact (2013-2024).

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