New records of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Tabasco, Mexico

Herón Huerta; Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Martínez; José Ismael Benitez-Alva; Felipe Dzul-Manzanilla; Pablo Manrique-Saide

resúmenes

secciones

referencias

imágenes

Abstract: The first record for 7 species of biting midges for the state of Tabasco (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is here presented. We collected 355 specimens using CDC light traps in rural areas, as part of the entomological surveillance by the local Ministry of Health in October 2019. New distribution records of the following species are included: Forcipomyia stylifer (Lutz, 1913), Culicoides blantoni Vargas & Wirth, 1955, Culicoides foxi Ortiz, 1950, Culicoides leopoldoi Ortiz, 1951, Culicoides jamaicensis Edwards, 1922, Culicoides poikilonotus Macfie, 1948 and Stilobezzia coquilletti Kieffer, 1917; and new locality records for Culicoides gabaldoni Ortiz, 1954, Culicoides insignis Lutz, 1913, Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi, 1905) and Stilobezzia kiefferi Lane, 1947. The distribution record of Culicoides dicrourus Wirth & Blanton, 1955 from Mexico is confirmed. A key and an updated list for the known species of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 from the state of Tabasco is also provided.

Keywords: Culicoides, stilobezzia, forcipomyia, distribution, neotropical region, key.

Resumen: Se incluye el primer registro de 7 especies de jejenes picadores para el estado de Tabasco (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Se recolectaron 355 especímenes utilizando trampas CDC de luz en áreas rurales, como parte de la vigilancia entomológica realizada por la Secretaría de Salud local en octubre de 2019. Se incluyen nuevos registros de distribución de las siguientes especies: Forcipomyia stylifer (Lutz, 1913), Culicoides blantoni Vargas & Wirth, 1955, Culicoides foxi Ortiz, 1950, Culicoides leopoldoi Ortiz, 1951, Culicoides jamaicensis Edwards, 1922, Culicoides poikilonotus Macfie, 1948 y Stilobezzia coquilletti Kieffer, 1917; así mismo, se incluyen nuevas localidades registradas para Culicoides gabaldoni Ortiz, 1954, Culicoides insignis Lutz, 1913, Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi, 1905) y Stilobezzia kiefferi Lane, 1947. Confirmamos el registro de distribución para México de Culicoides dicrourus Wirth y Blanton, 1955. Se presenta una clave y una lista de las especies conocidas del género Culicoides Latreille, 1809 del estado de Tabasco.

Palabras clave: Culicoides, stilobezzia, forcipomyia, distribución, región neotropical, clave.

Carátula del artículo

Taxonomy and systematics

New records of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Tabasco, Mexico

Nuevos registros de jejenes picadores (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) de Tabasco, México

Herón Huerta cerato_2000@yahoo.com

Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Mexico

Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Martínez

Departamento de Control de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Mexico

José Ismael Benitez-Alva

Departamento de Control de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, México

Felipe Dzul-Manzanilla

Departamento de Control de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Mexico

Pablo Manrique-Saide

Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico

Revista mexicana de biodiversidad, vol. 93, pp. 1-11, 2022
Instituto de Biología

Received: 23 June 2020

Accepted: 20 April 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2022.93.3605

Introduction

The genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), known in Mexico as “jejenes or chaquistes”, comprises a large group with 1,347 species worldwide (Borkent & Dominiak, 2020) which is notorious because of its biological, ecological and taxonomic diversity, and is also well known because many species have blood-feeding habits and therefore, medical and veterinary importance (Borkent, 2005; Kettle, 1977; Linley et al., 1983).

Current knowledge of the genus Culicoides in Mexico includes 84 species belonging to 14 subgenera, 9 species groups, and 4 species unplaced (Borkent & Spinelli, 2000, 2007; Huerta et al., 2012; Ibáñez-Bernal et al., 1996; Spinelli & Huerta, 2015). However, the diversity of Culicoides from many regions of Mexico is still poorly studied, and knowledge of the group is still fragmented. The pioneering work of Macfie (1948) described 9 new species from Mexico (Chiapas) and provided a key to species of the Caribbean region, in which at least 28 known species from Mexico can be distinguished. Other taxonomic reviews of Culicoides of the Neotropical region include part of the diversity of species in Mexico (Cf.Blanton & Wirth, 1979; Wirth & Blanton, 1959, 1974; Wirth & Hubert, 1960). Harrup et al. (2015) included identification references for the Culicoides fauna by biogeographical region.

A recent update of the genus Stilobezzia Kieffer, 1911, in Mexico, included a key for all the known species (Huerta & Grogan, 2017). Ronderos and Spinelli (1999) included a review of subgenus Lasiohelea Kieffer, 1921 (Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818) from the Neotropical region, with a key for species known in Mexico.

We report 7 new records from the state of Tabasco: Forcipomyia stylifer (Lutz, 1913), Culicoides blantoniVargas & Wirth, 1955, Culicoides foxi Ortiz, 1950, Culicoides leopoldoi Ortiz, 1951, Culicoides jamaicensis Edwards, 1922, Culicoides poikilonotusMacfie, 1948, and Stilobezzia coquilletti Kieffer, 1917; as well as new locality records for Culicoides gabaldoni Ortiz, 1954, Culicoides insignis Lutz, 1913, Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi, 1905), and Stilobezzia kiefferi Lane, 1947. The distribution record of Culicoides dicrourus Wirth & Blanton, 1955, from Mexico is confirmed. We also include an updated list of known species of Culicoides for the state of Tabasco (Table 1) and a key to separate species from this state.

Table 1
List records of Culicoides from Tabasco, Mexico

Materials and methods

A total of 355 specimens of biting midges was collected as part of entomological surveillance of Leishmaniases program, during the first week of October 2019. Collections were performed at peridomestic sites by the personnel of the Secretaría de Salud de Tabasco, Programa de control de vectores del Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE), in the locality of Huimango (second section), Municipality of Cunduacán, Tabasco, Mexico. Samples of Culicoides, Forcipomyia, and Stilobezzia were collected during a 3-day period with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps, in 3 different locations of rural areas near the houses within plantations of Theobroma cacao L., cacao tree. Climate of this collection area is characteristic of the Tabasco plains, warm-humid with abundant summer rains, and an annual average temperature of 26.2 °C (INEGI, 2015). Cunduacán is one of the main cocoa (chocolate) producing regions, with abundant cocoa plantations (cacaotales).

The collection sites were named as: site 1, 18°08’34.8” N, 93°08’66.4” W; site 2, 18°07’56.0” N, 93°10’46.1” W; and site 3, 18°07’97.5” N, 93°10’24.2” W (Fig. 1). Specimens of each species collected were preserved in ethanol and afterwards, separated, cleared, dissected, and mounted on microscope slides in Canada balsam using the technique described by Borkent and Spinelli (2007). A set of remaining specimens was preserved directly in ethyl alcohol.

Figure 1
Collection sites from Cunduacán, State of Tabasco, Mexico.

Morphological terminology here employed is based on Borkent (2017) and Borkent et al. (2009). Assignment of Culicoides species to subgenus and species groups follows the system proposed by Borkent and Dominiak (2020). All specimens are deposited in the Colección de Artrópodos con Importancia Médica (CAIM), Secretaría de Salud, México City.

Results

Key to the Culicoides species from Tabasco, Mexico (primarily for females).

1. Second radial cell wholly or mainly included in a pale spot (Figs. 2E-F) ……………………2

-. Second radial cell wholly included in a dark spot (Figs. 2A-D, G, 3A−B) ……………………4

2(1) Crossvein r-m pale; pale area straddling middle of vein M₂ discontinuous; male ninth tergite with mesal cleft, apicolateral process very close together……..C. ocumarensis Ortiz

-. Crossvein r-m dark; area straddling middle of vein M₂ continuous; male ninth tergite without mesal cleft, apicolateral process not closed……………………………………3

3(2) Cell m₁ with a distal pale spot; vein R₃ dark up to the point where it turns abruptly forward to meet costa (Fig. 2F) ……………………………………C. insignis Lutz

-. Cell m₁ with 2 distal pale spots; vein R₃ pale with small blackish spot behind apex (Fig. 2E) ………………………………………………………………………………….C. foxi Ortiz

4(1) Wing with contrasting pattern of dark and pale spot; cell r₂ usually longer than cell r₁ (Fig. 2A-D) ………………………………………………………………………………….5

-. Wing without contrasting pattern, very faint spot; second radial cell shorter than cell r₁………………………………………………………………………………….C. pusillus Lutz

5(4) Wing with a pale spot straddling middle of vein M₂; pale apex of veins M₁ and M₂………………………………………6

-. Wing without a pale spot straddling middle of vein M₂; usually dark apex of veins M₁ and M₂………………………………………………………………………………….8

6(5) Third palpal segment with shallow, sensory pit; cibarial armature present; cell r₃ with a basal pale spot (Fig. 2A) ………………………………………………………………………………….C. blantoni Vargas & Wirth

-. Third palpal segment with a large, deep, sensory pit; without cibarial armature; cell r₃ without a basal pale spot (Fig. 2B) ………………………………………………………………………………….7

7(6) Cell r₃ with distal pale area reaching the wing margin; base of vein M₁ with straddling pale spot (Fig. 2B) ………………………………………………………………………………….C. jamaicensis Edwards

-. Cell r₃ with distal pale area without reaching the wing margin; base of vein M₁ without straddling pale spot (Fig. 2C) ………………………………………………………………………………….C. poikilonotus Macfie

8(5) Second radial cell with an isolated small round dark spot behind (Fig. 2G) ………………………………………………………………………………….C. dicrourus Wirth & Blanton

-. Second radial cell without an isolated small round dark spot behind 9

9(8) Cell R₃ with the distal pale spot meeting wing margin………………………………………………………………………………….10

-. Cell R₃ with the distal pale spot not meeting wing margin………………………………………………………………………………….11

10(9) Vein r-m with extensive, pale spot broadly meeting anterior wing margin; cell m₁ with 2 small pale spots, the distal no located at the wing margin (Fig. 3A) …………………… C. leopoldoi Ortiz

-. Vein r-m without extensive, pale spot broadly meeting anterior wing margin; cell m₁ with 3 small pale spots, the distal located at the wing margin ……………………C. furens (Poey)

11(9) Cell m₁ with 3 small pale spots (Fig. 2D)................................................................................ C. paraensis (Goeldi)

Cell m₁ with 2 small pale spots......................................................................................................................................... 12

12(11) Second radial cell closed; macrotrichia sparce, only a few in apices of cells r₃, m₁ and m₂ (Fig. 3B) .................................................................................................................................................... C. gabaldoni Ortiz

-. Second radial cell open; macrotrichia more numerous, present at least on distal half of wing (Fig. 2 C)............................................................................................................................... C. poikilonotus Macfie (in part)

Figure 2
Wing, dorsal view. Female: A. Culicoides blantoni; B. Culicoides jamaicensis; C. Culicoides poikilonotus; D. Culicoides paraensis; E. Culicoides foxi; F. Culicoides insignis; G. Culicoides dicrourus. Scale = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations (wing): CuA = anterior branch of cubital veins; M₁ = first branch of media; M₂ = second branch of media, and M₄ = fourth branch of media; m₁ = first medial cell, m₂ = second medial cell and m₄ = fourth medial cell; r-m = radial-medial crossvein; R₁ = anterior branch of radius, first longitudinal vein, R₃ = lower branch of second branch of radius; r₁ = first radial cell, r₂ = second radial cell; r₃ = third radial cell.

Figure 3
Wing, dorsal view. Female; A. Culicoides leopoldoi; B. Culicoides gabaldoni; C. Stilobezzia coquilletti; D. Stilobezzia kiefferi. Scale = 0.5 mm.

Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758

Family Ceratopogonidae Newman, 1834

Subfamily Forcipomyiinae Lenz, 1934

Tribe Forcipomyiini Lenz, 1934

Genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818

Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) stylifer (Lutz, 1913)

Taxonomic summary

Material examined: 1 male. Mexico, Tabasco, Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, site 2: 7 October 2019, CDC trap, coll. personnel of the Health Ministry, slide mounted, deposited in CAIM.

New record: Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, Tabasco, Mexico (Fig. 1).

Distribution. Mexico (Oaxaca, Tabasco) to Ecuador, Trinidad, Venezuela and northeastern Argentina.

Remarks

Very common species, widely distributed in the Neotropical region (Borkent & Spinelli, 2007). Huerta and Spinelli (2017) provided the first record from Mexico (Oaxaca).

Subfamily Ceratopogoninae Newman, 1834

Tribe Culicoidini Kieffer, 1911

Genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809

Culicoides (Diphaomyia) blantoniVargas & Wirth, 1955 (Fig. 2A)

Taxonomic summary

Material examined: 96 females. Mexico, Tabasco, Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, site 1: 7 October 2019, CDC trap, coll. Personnel of the Health Ministry, 7 females (slide mounted deposited in CAIM); same data except, 8 October 2019, 7 females (slide mounted), 9 October 2019, 5 females (ethyl alcohol); same data except, site 3: 7 October-2019, 32 females (ethyl alcohol); same data except, 8 October 2019, 30 females (ethyl alcohol); 9 October 2019, 15 females (slide mounted).

New record: Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, Tabasco, Mexico (Fig. 1).

Distribution. USA (Texas), Mexico (Sinaloa, San Luis Potosí, Puebla, Guerrero, Tamaulipas, Morelos, Veracruz, Tabasco).

Remarks

This species was originally described from Tamaulipas, Mexico, including additional series of specimens from Guerrero, San Luis Potosí and Puebla (Vargas & Wirth, 1955). Borkent and Grogan (2009) reported this species from Sinaloa, Tamaulipas and Morelos. Huerta et al. (2012) included new records from Veracruz, Guerrero and San Luis Potosí.

Culicoides (Drymodesmyia) jamaicensis Edwards, 1922 (Fig. 2B)

Taxonomic summary

Material examined: 8 males, 39 females. Mexico, Tabasco, Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, site 1: 7 October 2019, CDC trap, coll. personnel of the Health Ministry, 2 females (slide mounted deposited in CAIM); same data except, 8 October 2019, 2 females (ethyl alcohol), 9 October 2019, 6 females (slide mounted), 3 males (slide mounted); same data except, site 2:7 October 2019, 7 females, 1 male (slide mounted); same data except, 8 October 2019, 4 females, 2 males (slide mounted), 9 October 2019, 10 females, 2 males (ethyl alcohol); same data except, site 3: 7 October 2019, 5 females (ethyl alcohol); same data except, 8 October 2019, 2 females (ethyl alcohol); 9 October 2019, 1 female (ethyl alcohol).

New record: Cunduacán, locality Huimango, 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, Tabasco, Mexico (Fig. 1).

Distribution. USA (Texas, Florida), Mexico (Jalisco, México, Veracruz, Guerrero, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Yucatán), Central America and Caribbean to Colombia and Venezuela.

Remarks

Macfie (1948) included the first record of Culicoides jamaicensis in Mexico from Chiapas. Wirth and Hubert (1960) reported this species from Veracruz. Huerta et al. (2012) provided records from of the states Guerrero, Jalisco, México, Oaxaca, Veracruz and Yucatán.

Culicoides (Drymodesmyia) poikilonotus Macfie (Fig. 2C)

Synonymy:

cacozelusMacfie, 1948: 85 (Mexico)

hertigiWirth and Blanton, 1953: 229 (Panama)

Taxonomic summary

Material examined: 1 male, 6 females. Mexico, Tabasco, Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, site 1: 8 October 2019, CDC trap, coll. personnel of the Health Ministry, 2 females (slide mounted deposited in CAIM); same data except, 9 October 2019, 1 female (ethyl alcohol); same data except, site 2: 9 October 2019, 1 male (slide mounted); same data except, site 3: 8 October 2019, 2 females (slide mounted), 9 October 2019, 1 female (ethyl alcohol).

New record: Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, Tabasco, Mexico (Fig. 1).

Distribution. Mexico (Estado de México, Chiapas, Veracruz, Tabasco), Central America, Venezuela and Trinidad to Brazil.

Remarks

Species originally described from Chiapas, Mexico (Macfie, 1948). This widely distributed in the Neotropical region (Borkent & Spinelli, 2007). Huerta et al. (2012) provided a new record from the Estado de México and Veracruz.

Culicoides (Haematomyidium) paraensis (Goeldi, 1905)

(Fig. 2D)

Synonymy:

undecimpunctatus Kieffer, 1917: 307 (Argentina).

Taxonomic summary

Material examined: 25 males, 54 females. Mexico, Tabasco, Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, site 1: 7 October 2019, CDC trap, coll. personnel of the Health Ministry, 2 females, 1 male (slide mounted deposited in CAIM); same data except, 8 October 2019, 5 females (ethyl alcohol); same date except, site 2: 7 October 2019, 23 females, 7 males (slide mounted); same data except, 8 October 2019, 12 females, 8 males (slide mounted), 9 October 2019, 12 females, 7 males (ethyl alcohol); same data except, site 3: 7 October 2019, 2 males (slide mounted).

New record: Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, Tabasco, Mexico (Fig. 1).

Distribution. USA (Colorado, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin to Louisiana and Florida), Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Veracruz, Chiapas, Quintana Roo) to Argentina.

Remarks

This species is considered an important virus vector in the Neotropical region (Hoch et al., 1990; Mellor et al., 2000); with a wide distribution from southern USA (Wirth et al., 1985) to Argentina (Borkent & Grogan, 2009). In Mexico, it was previously reported from San Luis Potosí, Quintana Roo (Blanton & Wirth, 1979), Tabasco and Veracruz (Wirth & Felippe-Bauer, 1989). Huerta et al. (2012) provided the first record from Chiapas and additional records from San Luis Potosí and Veracruz. We include a new locality in state of Tabasco.

Culicoides (Hoffmania) foxi Ortiz, 1950 (Fig. 2E)

Taxonomic summary

Material examined: 20 females. Mexico, Tabasco, Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, site 1: 7 October 2019, CDC trap, coll. personnel of the Health Ministry, 2 females (slide mounted deposited in CAIM); same data except, 8 October 2019, 4 females (ethyl alcohol), 9 October 2019, 6 females (slide mounted); same data except, site 2: 7 October 2019, 3 females (slide mounted); same data except, site 3: 7 October 2019, 3 females (slide mounted); 9 October 2019, 2 females (ethyl alcohol).

New record: Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, Tabasco, Mexico (Fig. 1).

Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz, Tabasco, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas) to Bolivia, Puerto Rico to northeastern Argentina.

Remarks

Very common species in the Neotropical region. Previous records known from southern Mexico (Aitken et al., 1975; Wirth & Blanton, 1974). Spinelli et al. (1993) reported this species for the states of Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Guerrero. Huerta et al. (2012) included new local records from Veracruz and Oaxaca.

Culicoides (Hoffmania) insignis Lutz, 1913 (Fig. 2F)

Synonymy:

inamollae Fox and Hoffman, 1944: 110 (Puerto Rico).

painteri Fox, 1946: 257 (Honduras).

Taxonomic summary

Material examined: 1 male, 24 females. Mexico, Tabasco, Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, site 1: 7 October 2019, CDC trap, coll. personnel of the Health Ministry, 3 females (slide mounted deposited in CAIM); same data except, 8 October 2019, 1 male (slide mounted), 9 October 2019, 6 females (slide mounted); same data except, site 2: 7 October 2019, 5 females (ethyl alcohol); same data except, 8 October 2019, 1 female (ethyl alcohol); same data except, site 3: 7 October 2019, 9 females (ethyl alcohol).

New record: Cunduacan, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, Tabasco, Mexico (Fig. 1).

Distribution. USA (Alabama, Georgia, Florida), Mexico (Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, Nayarit, Morelos, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Yucatán), Central American and Caribbean to central Argentina.

Remarks

This species is widely distributed in the Neotropical region (Borkent & Spinelli, 2007), including part from the south USA (Borkent & Grogan, 2009). It was previously known in Mexico from Chiapas and Yucatán (Blanton & Wirth, 1979; Borkent & Spinelli, 2007; Macfie, 1948). Huerta et al. (2012) provided records from Tabasco and Veracruz. We report a new locality in the state of Tabasco.

Culicoides (Mataemyia) dicrourus Wirth & Blanton, 1955

(Fig. 2G)

Taxonomic summary

Material examined: 2 females. Mexico, Tabasco, Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, site 1: 9 October 2019, CDC trap, coll. personnel of the Health Ministry, 2 females (slide mounted deposited in CAIM).

New record: Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, Tabasco, Mexico (Fig. 1).

Distribution. Mexico (Tabasco), Costa Rica to Ecuador.

Remarks

This species was originally reported from Mexico by Wirth and Blanton (1959) without any locality data. The Neotropical catalogue by Wirth (1974) only includes the distribution record from Panama. Current reported distribution includes a range from Costa Rica to Ecuador (Borkent & Spinelli, 2007). We confirmed the distribution of this species in Mexico from state of Tabasco.

Culicoides leopoldoi Ortiz, 1951 (Fig. 3A)

Taxonomic summary

Material examined: 1 male, 21 females. Mexico, Tabasco, Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, site 1: 7 October 2019, CDC trap, coll. personnel of the Health Ministry, 1 female, 1 male (slide mounted); 9 October 2019, 1 female (ethyl alcohol); same data except, site 2: 7 October 2019, 2 females (slide mounted); same data except, site 3: 7 October 2019, 10 females (ethyl alcohol); same data except, 8 October 2019, 2 females (slide mounted); 9 October 2019, 5 females (ethyl alcohol).

New record: Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, Tabasco, Mexico (Fig. 1).

Distribution. Mexico (Oaxaca, Tabasco), Guatemala and Belize to Bolivia and northeastern Argentina, Trinidad.

Remarks

This species was originally reported in Mexico, based on specimens identified by Wirth W. Wirth from the state of Chiapas (Vargas, 1954). Wirth and Blanton (1959) later reported specimens from Tapachula, Chiapas. Wirth (1974) in his catalogue of the Americas south of the USA reported the distribution of this species as restricted to Panama, Venezuela, and Brazil. Huerta et al. (2012) provided new records of this species from Oaxaca.

Culicoides gabaldoni Ortiz, 1954 (Fig. 3B)

Taxonomic summary

Material examined: 17 males, 31 females. Mexico, Tabasco, Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, site 1: 7 October 2019, CDC trap, coll. personnel of the Health Ministry, 1 female (slide mounted deposited in CAIM); same data except, 8 October 2019, 2 females (slide mounted); same data except, site 2: 7 October 2019, 11 females, 13 males (slide mounted); same data except, 8 October 2019, 14 females, 3 males (slide mounted), 9 October 2019, 1 female, 1 male (slide mounted); same data except, site 3: 7 October 2019, 1 female (ethyl alcohol); same data except, 9 October 2019, 1 female (ethyl alcohol).

New record: Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, Tabasco, Mexico (Fig. 1).

Distribution. Mexico (Tabasco, Veracruz, Oaxaca) to Ecuador, Venezuela, Trinidad, Brazil, Paraguay, northeastern Argentina.

Remarks

Previously known members of the leoni species group from Mexico were reported by Wirth and Blanton (1973). This species is widely distributed in the Neotropical region (Borkent & Spinelli, 2007). In Mexico, it was previously known only from Tabasco (Wirth & Blanton, 1973; Wirth et al., 1988) and more recently from Oaxaca and Veracruz (Huerta et al., 2012). We reported a new locality record in the state of Tabasco.

Subfamily Ceratopogoninae Newman, 1834

Tribe Ceratopogonini Newman, 1834

Genus Stilobezzia Kieffer, 1911

Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) coquilletti Kieffer, 1905 (Fig. 3C)

Synonymy:

picta (Coquillett), 1905: 60 (Ceratopogon) (preoccupied by Sphaeromyias pictus (Meigen), 1818. USA (Virginia).

Taxonomic summary

Material examined: 4 females. Mexico, Tabasco, Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, site 1: 8 October 2019, CDC trap, coll. personnel of the Health Ministry, 1 female (slide mounted deposited in CAIM); 9 October 2019, 3 females (slide mounted); same data except, site 3: 7 October 2019, 1 female (slide mounted).

New record: Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, Tabasco, Mexico (Fig. 1).

Distribution. USA (Maryland, Virginia, Illinois south to Florida and Louisiana), Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, Chiapas, Yucatán) to Panama, and South America in Trinidad and Brazil.

Remarks

A common species widely distributed in Neotropical region, including part of USA (Maryland, Virginia, Illinois south to Florida and Louisiana (Borkent & Grogan 2009). Wirth (1953) included a first record for Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Chiapas), Huerta (1996) reported this species from the locality of Esquipula (Chiapas), and first record from Yucatán (Huerta, 2002) and Veracruz (Huerta et al., 2012).

Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) kiefferi Lane, 1947 (Fig. 3D)

Synonymy:

punctipesWirth, 1953: 79. USA (Florida).

Taxonomic summary

Material examined: 1 male, 2 females. Mexico, Tabasco, Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, site 1: 9 October 2019, CDC trap, coll. personnel of the Health Ministry, 2 females, 1 male (slide mounted deposited in CAIM).

Remarks

This species was previously recorded from Mexico from the state of Tamaulipas (Wirth, 1953), Yucatán (Huerta, 2002), Jalisco and Oaxaca (Huerta et al., 2012) and Tabasco (Cazorla, 2016). We provide a new locality record from Tabasco.

New record: Cunduacán, locality Huimango 2nd section, sector La Ceiba, Tabasco, Mexico (Fig. 1).

Distribution. USA (Florida), Mexico (Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Tabasco, Oaxaca, Yucatán), Belize, Panama, Brazil, Jamaica and Argentina.

Discussion

This study increases the biting midge fauna from Tabasco State to 12 species of Culicoides, 2 species of Stilobezzia and 1 species of Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea). However, the study on the fauna of ceratogoponids in the state is still limited (Table 1), and given the different types of vegetation and ecological environments of the state, it is very probable that many more species could be described in the future.

Various Culicoides spp. of medical and veterinary importance are reported (v. gr., C. furens, C. insignis, C. paraensis, and C pusillus). These species are recognized vectors, for being involved in the transmission of viruses and filarial nematodes in the Neotropical region (Borkent & Spinelli, 2007). Entomological surveillance is relevant to detect different species in order to determinate the distribution specific for localities.

Supplementary material

Acknowledgements

To the staff of the Secretaría de Salud y personal del Programa de control de vectores del Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE) for the states of Tabasco, Campeche, Chiapas, Nayarit, Quintana Roo, Oaxaca, Veracruz, as well as the Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) for their support in the collection of specimens during the study of entomological surveillance of Leishmaniases in the locality of Huimango, Tabasco. To Lawrence J. Hribar, Florida Key Mosquito Control District, Marathon, Florida, for his input which greatly helped to improve this manuscript.

References

Aitkent, T. H. G., Wirth, W. W., William, R. W., Davis, J. B., & Tikasingh, E. S. (1975). A review of the bloodsucking midges of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Entomology B, 44, 101-144.

Blanton, F. S., & Wirth, W. W. (1979). The sand flies (Culicoides) of Florida (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas, Volume 10. Gainesville, Florida: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.

Borkent, A. (2005). Ceratopogonidae. In W. C Marquardt (Ed.), Biology of disease vectors (pp. 113-126). Burlington, Massachusetts: Elsevier Press.

Borkent, A. (2017). Ceratopogonidae (biting midges). In A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, & B. J. Sinclair (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Volume 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5 (pp. 733-812). Pretoria, South Africa: South African National Biodiversity Institute.

Borkent, A., & Dominiak, P. (2020). Catalog of the biting midges of the world (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4787, 1-377. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4787.1.1

Borkent, A., & Grogan, Jr. W. L. (2009). Catalog of the new world biting midges north of Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 2273, 1-48. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2273.1.1

Borkent, A., & Spinelli, G. R. (2000). Catalog of the new world biting midges south of the United States of America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions on Entomology International, 4, 1-107.

Borkent, A., & Spinelli, G. R. (2007). Neotropical Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Insecta). In J. Adis, J. R. Arias, G. Rueda-Delgado, & K. M. Wantzen (Eds.), Aquatic biodiversity in Latin America (ABLA), Volume 4 (pp. 1-198). Sofia, Moscow: Pensoft.

Borkent, A., Spinelli, G. R., & Grogan, Jr., W. L. (2009). Ceratopogonidae (biting midges, purrujas). In B. V. Brown, A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley, & M. A. Zumbado (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Volume 1 (pp. 407-435). Ottawa: NRC Research Press.

Cazorla, C. G. (2016). New records of “jejenes” on the subgenus Stilobezzia of Stilobezzia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Neotropical Region. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 75, 186-190.

Harrup, L. E, Bellis, G. A., Balenghien, T., & Garros, C. (2015). Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) taxonomy: Current challenges and future directions. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 30, 249-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2014.12.018

Hoch, A. L., Roberts, D. R., & Pinheiro, F. P. (1990). Hot-seeking behavior and seasonal abundance of Culicoides paraensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Brazil. Journal American Mosquito Control Association, 6, 110-114.

Huerta, H. (1996). Los ceratopogónidos colectados por Alfonso Dampf en Chiapas, México (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)(Tesis). Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de México. México D.F.

Huerta, H. (2002). Ceratopogoninae (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) de las reservas de Ría Lagartos y Ría Celestún, Yucatán, México(Tesis demaestría, Biología Animal). Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de México. México D.F.

Huerta, H., & Grogan, Jr. W. L. (2017) New species and new records of predaceous midges in the genera, Schizonyxhelea Clastrier and Stilobezzia Kieffer from Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4294, 401-418. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4908.2.11

Huerta, H., Rodriguez-Castrejon, A. M., Grogan, W. L. Jr. , & Ibáez-Bernal, S. (2012). New records of biting midges of the genus Culicoides Latreille from Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Insecta Mundi, 211, 1-20.

Huerta, H., & Spinelli, G. R. (2017). A distinctive new species of biting midge in the subgenus Euprojoannisia Brèthes from Mexico with new records of Neotropical species of Forcipomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4329, 189-195. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4329.2.6

Ibáñez-Bernal, S., Wirth, W. W., & Huerta, H. (1996). Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). In J. Llorente-Busquets, A. García-Aldrete y E. González-Soriano (Eds.), Biodiversidad, taxonomía y biogeografía de artrópodos de México: hacia una síntesis de su conocimiento. Volumen 1 (pp. 567-577). Ciudad de México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía). (2015). Anuario estadístico y geográfico de Tabasco. Ciudad de México: INEGI.

Kettle, D. S. (1977). Biology and bionomics of bloodsucking ceratopogonids. Annual Review Entomology, 22, 33-51.

Linley, J. R., Hoch, A. L., & Pinheiro, F. P. (1983). Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and human health. Journal of Medical Entomology, 20, 347-364.

Macfie, J. W. S. (1948). Some species of Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 42, 67-87.

Mellor, P. S., Boorman, J., & Baylis, M. (2000). Culicoides biting midges: Their role as arbovirus vectors. Annual Review of Entomology, 45, 307-340.

Ronderos, M. M., & Spinelli, G. R. (1999). On the subgenus Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) in the Neotropical Region (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 125, 151−161.

Spinelli, G. R., Greiner, E. C., & Wirth, W. W. (1993). The Neotropical bloodsucking midges of the Culicoides guttatus group of the subgenus Hoffmania (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 27, 1-91.

Spinelli, G. R., & Huerta, H. (2015). Four new species of mesoamerican biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 55, 811-824.

Vargas, L. (1954). Dos nuevas especies de Culicoides Mexicanos (Diptera, Heleidae). Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, 14, 25-30.

Vargas, L., & Wirth, W. W. (1955). Culicoides blantoni n. sp. (Diptera, Heleidae). Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, 15, 33-35.

Wirth, W. W. (1953). Biting midges of the heleid genus Stilobezzia in North America. Proceedings United States National Museum, 103, 57-85.

Wirth, W. W. (1974). Family Ceratopogonidae. In N. Papavero (Ed.), A catalog of the Diptera of the Americas, South of the United States. Fascicle 14 (pp. 1-89). São Pablo: Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo.

Wirth, W. W., & Blanton, F. S. (1959). Biting midges of the genus Culicoides from Panama (Diptera: Heleidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 109, 237-482.

Wirth, W. W., & Blanton, F. S. (1973). A review of the maruins or biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the Amazon Basin. Amazoniana, 4, 405-470.

Wirth, W. W., & Blanton, F. S. (1974). The West Indian sandflies of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Washington D.C.: Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1474.

Wirth, W. W., Dyce, A. L., & Peterson, B. V. (1985). An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 22, 1-46.

Wirth, W. W., Dyce, A. L., & Spinelli, G. R. (1988). An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Neotropical species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 25, 1-72.

Wirth, W. W., & Felippe-Bauer, M. L. (1989). The Neotropical biting midges related to Culicoides paraensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 84, 551-565.

Wirth, W. W., & Hubert, A. A. (1960). Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) reared from cacti, with a review of the copiosus group of Culicoides. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53, 639-658.

Notes

Author notes

^* Corresponding author: cerato_2000@yahoo.com(H. Huerta)

Table 1
List records of Culicoides from Tabasco, Mexico

Figure 1
Collection sites from Cunduacán, State of Tabasco, Mexico.

Figure 3
Wing, dorsal view. Female; A. Culicoides leopoldoi; B. Culicoides gabaldoni; C. Stilobezzia coquilletti; D. Stilobezzia kiefferi. Scale = 0.5 mm.