Introduction

This paper is the eighteenth in the series of annual summaries of new knowledge of Portuguese Lepidoptera. It gives records of species of Lepidoptera added to the Portuguese fauna in 2023 and some unpublished earlier records, together with new province records not included in the checklist ( Corley, 2015). Additional data include new data on larval host-plants within the country and second to fourth records of species for the country. Papers published in 2023 and part of 2024 that relate to the Portuguese Lepidoptera fauna are listed and briefly summarised. Finally, an Appendix lists the new species for Portugal separately, with numbers indicating their position in the checklist.

The Portuguese moth recording scheme, “Rede de Estações de Borboletas Noturnas”, launched in 2021, has made a significant contribution to knowledge of moth species distribution in Portugal. New province records from this source from 2023 are included in this paper.

Twenty species new for Portugal are listed below, of which two are new for the Iberian Peninsula. Four species are removed from the Portuguese list.

In Corley et al. (2023) the number of Lepidoptera species recognised from Portugal was 2775. With the current paper and other papers mentioned herein this total has risen to 2794.

Material and Methods

Most species were captured at light. For specimens not taken at light, the means of capture is given. Specimens of the species reported here for the first time for Portugal are retained in the collections of the original recorders, unless otherwise stated. However, many records are based only on photographic evidence. Original photos of several species new for Portugal are provided in this paper.

The order and nomenclature of families and species follows the Portuguese list ( Corley, 2015) and subsequent updates in this series (Corley et al. 2016, 2018a, 2018b, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023). The nomenclature of plant names follows the World Checklist of Vascular Plants database ( Govaerts, 2024).

The entry for species new for Portugal concludes with a summary of the known European distribution taken from Karsholt & Razowski (1996) and other papers relevant to each case, and available information on the larval host-plant, given in square brackets if the information comes from outside Portugal.

Localities with UTM squares and altitude: (Municipality in brackets)

List of families and species

NEPTICULIDAE

Trifurcula immundella (Zeller, 1839) E: Praia do Samouco, 23-VI-2023, Rosete.

ADELIDAE

Adela collicolella Walsingham, 1904 AAL: Ribeira Grande, S. of Figueira e Barros, 26-II-2023 daytime on Cistus ladanifer L., Cardoso and Nunes.

Adela croesella (Scopoli, 1763) DL: Marão, 2-VI-2023 daytime, Bryner.

TISCHERIIDAE

Coptotriche berberella (De Prins, 1984) E: Trafaria, 24-IV-2023, Fabião (REBN).

MILLIERIDAE

Millieria dolosalis (Heydenreich, 1851) BL: Chão do Ulmeiro, 2-VI-2023 daytime, Rosete; BAL: Porto de Alcácer, Mértola, larvae 8-IV2021, adults emerged 17-X-2021, reared on Aristolochia paucinervis Pomel, confirming the host-plant suggested in Pires & Marabuto (2024), Nunes. The record from Portas do Ródão ( Mendes, 1904) should be transferred from AAL to BB (see Recent literature, below).

PSYCHIDAE

Eotaleporia lusitaniella (Amsel, 1955) TM: Macieira, Alvadia, 5-VI-2023 daytime, Bryner (GP 2024-044 m).

Oiketicoides hispanolusitania Sobczyk, Arnscheid & Nuss, 2014 Second Portuguese record. TM: Moscoso, larvae 1-VI-2023, adults emerged 6-VIII-2023, Bryner

TINEIDAE

Tenaga nigripunctella (Haworth, 1828) E: Trafaria, 23-IX-2023, Fabião, gen. prep. Fabião (100-4375 m), det. Nunes (REBN).

Novotinea muricolella (Fuchs, 1879) E: Trafaria, 2-V-2023, Fabião (REBN).

* Dryadaula heindeli Gaedike & Scholz, 1998 DL: Gassamar, Sandim, 7-VIII-2023, Nunes, conf. Gaedike ( figure 1). Spain, France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany. [Larva on fungi Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst. and Auricularia mesenterica (Dicks.) Pers. ( Gaedike, 2015].

Morophaga morella (Duponchel, 1838) R: Casalinho, Alpiarça, 5-X-2023, C. Silva and Lameira, det. Nunes (REBN); E: Verdizela, 10- VIII-2023, Hilário, det. Nunes (REBN).

Reisserita zernyi Petersen, 1957 E: Trafaria, 10-VI-2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (REBN).

Reisserita flavofimbriella (Chrétien, 1925) E: Trafaria, 3-VI-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Trichophaga tapetzella (Linnaeus, 1758) E: Trafaria, 6-V-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Elatobia fuliginosella (Lienig & Zeller, 1846) E: Trafaria, 21-VII-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Tinea pellionella Linnaeus, 1758 BL: Vilamar, in building, 25-IV-2023, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete (JR552 m).

Monopis nigricantella (Millière, 1872) E: Trafaria, 17-XI-2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (100-5129 m) (REBN).

Oinophila v-flava (Haworth, 1828) E: Trafaria, 8-IV-2023, Fabião (REBN).

GRACILLARIIDAE

Parectopa ononidis (Zeller, 1839) E: Casais da Serra, 2-VI-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Calybites phasianipennella (Hübner, 1813) E: Pó, 25-VI-2023, Cardoso.

Phyllonorycter endryella (Mann, 1855) E: Ota, 26-XII-2023, Cardoso.

Phyllonorycter tridentatae Laštůvka & Laštůvka, 2006 DL: Susão, Valongo, larvae 26-III-2022, adults emerged 11-IV-2024, mines on Genista tridentata L., Nunes.

Phyllonorycter klemannella (Fabricius, 1781) ALG: Barranco dos Pisões, 2-IV-2023, Valkenburg, det. Nunes.

YPONOMEUTIDAE

Paradoxus osyridellus Millière, 1869 E: Fincha Grande, Vau, 13-VII-2023, Cardoso, gen. prep. Cardoso (5958-1819 m).

GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE

* Glyphipterix forsterella (Fabricius, 1781) BL: Abiúl, 16-IV-2023 daytime, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete (JR555 m) ( figure 2). Almost all Europe, absent from most Balkan countries and some Mediterranean islands. [Larva on seeds of Carex L.].

LECITHOCERIDAE

Homaloxestis briantiella (Turati, 1879) E: Trafaria, 23-VI-2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (REBN)

OECOPHORIDAE

Endrosis sarcitrella (Linnaeus, 1758) E: Trafaria, 18-III-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Borkhausenia crimnodes Meyrick, 1912 DL: Rio Sousa, Aguiar de Sousa, 12-X-2023, Nunes (REBN).

Epicallima mercedella (Staudinger, 1859) E: Verdizela, 16-VII-2023, Hilário, det. Nunes (REBN).

Epicallima formosella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) R: Póvoa do Conde, 4-X-2011, Lemos.

PELEOPODIDAE

Carcina quercana (Fabricius, 1775) R: Areia de Baixo, Casa Branca, 10-X-2023, Alves (REBN)

COSMOPTERIGIDAE

Alloclita recisella Staudinger, 1859 E: Trafaria, 14-VII-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Cosmopterix crassicervicella Chrétien, 1896 E: Casais da Serra, 2-VI-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Anatrachyntis badia (Hodges, 1962) Fourth Portuguese record. E: Praia do Samouco, 18-XI-2023, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete (JR648 m).

GELECHIIDAE

Stomopteryx basalis Staudinger, 1876 R: Paúl do Boquilobo, 10-VIII-2023, Alves (REBN); E: Trafaria, 14-VII-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Stomopteryx remissella (Zeller, 1847) E: Casais da Serra, 2-VI-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Mesophleps silacella (Hübner, 1796) BA: Praia Fluvial de São Roque, Castelo Bom, 16-VII-2023, Rosete.

Dichomeris acuminatus (Staudinger, 1876) M: Fão, 14-X-2023, Gaifém (REBN).

Brachmia blandella (Fabricius, 1798) E: Cesaredas, Reguengo Grande, 8-VII-2023, Cardoso.

Helcystogramma lutatella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) E: Trafaria, 15-VI-2023, Fabião (REBN).

* Acompsia cinerella (Clerck, 1759) TM: Dine, 6-VII-2023, Corley and S. Ferreira, gen. det. Corley (GP6108) Nearly all Europe, absent from some Mediterranean islands. [Larva feeds on moss].

Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders, 1844) E: Trafaria, 14-X-2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (100-4814 f) (REBN).

Bryotropha pallorella Amsel, 1952 E: Trafaria, 23-IX-2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (100-4449 m) (REBN).

Bryotropha basaltinella (Zeller, 1839) Third Portuguese record. TM: Açureira, Bobal, Serra do Alvão, 31-V-2023, Bryner (GP 2024-025 f).

Bryotropha umbrosella (Zeller, 1839) E: Praia do Samouco, 23-VI-2023, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete (JR563 f).

Aristotelia decoratella (Staudinger, 1879) E: Trafaria, 9-VI-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Mirificarma eburnella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) E: Casais da Serra, 19-V-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Scrobipalpula psilella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) E: Praia do Samouco, 23-VI-2023, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete (JR564 m).

Klimeschiopsis terroris (Hartig, 1938) Delete record from TM ( Corley et al., 2020 ). It belongs to the following newly described species.

* Klimeschiopsis arnoldfransorumHuemer & Karsholt, 2023 TM: Estevais, Torre de Moncorvo, 24-IX-2019, Corley and S. Ferreira, gen. det. Corley (GP5922 m). The record was published as K. terroris Hartig, 1938) in Corley et al. (2020) but is now recognised as belonging to the new species recently described from Spain ( Huemer & Karsholt, 2023). The 2005 record of K. terroris from Beira Baixa ( Corley, 2015) is correctly named. Spain. Host-plant unknown.

Caryocolum provinciella (Stainton, 1869) E: Praia do Samouco, 23-VI-2023, Rosete; BL: Lagoa de São José, Mata do Urso, 23-VI-2018, Rosete. Previously published records from BL ( Corley et al., 2015 ) were actually from E.

ELACHISTIDAE

Elachista heringi Rebel, 1899 Second Portuguese record. TM: Quintanica, Vale de Águia, 6-V-2023, Nunes, Fernandes, C. Silva and Jesus, gen. det. Nunes (GP0013 m).

Haplochrois ochraceella (Rebel, 1903) M: Cevide, 4-VII-2023, Corley and S. Ferreira, gen. det. Corley

COLEOPHORIDAE

Coleophora congeriella Staudinger, 1859 TM: Barragem de Bemposta, larvae 6-II-2023, adults emerged 27-IV-2023, reared on Lotus dorycnium L., Nunes, gen. det. Nunes (GP0014 m).

Coleophora therinella Tengström, 1848 Second Portuguese record. BL: Corticeiro de Cima, 7-VIII-2023, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete (JR643 m)

SCYTHRIDIDAE

Scythris potentillella (Zeller, 1847) M: Torrinheiras, 3-VI-2023 daytime, Bryner (GP 2023-055 m).

Scythris bornicensis Jäckh, 1977 DL: Marão, 2-VI-2023 daytime, Bryner (GP 2023-052 m)

Scythris scopolella (Linnaeus, 1767) E: Praia do Samouco, 23-VI-2023, Rosete.

BLASTOBASIDAE

Blastobasis decolorella (Wollaston, 1858) M: São Vicente de Penso, Carcavelos, 7-VIII-2023, P. Gomes, det. Nunes (REBN).

** Blastobasis lavernella Walsingham, 1894 E: Trafaria, 11-X-2023, Fabião, gen. prep. Fabião, det. Nunes (REBN) ( figure 3). Madeira. Hostplant unknown.

LYPUSIDAE

Agnoea filiella (Staudinger, 1859) Fourth Portuguese record. BL: Gândara dos Olivais, in building, 30-V-2023, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete (JR 569 m).

PTEROPHORIDAE

Agdistis satanas Millière, 1875 E: Praia do Samouco, 23-VI-2023, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete (JR565 f).

Stenoptilia gallobritannidactyla Gibeaux, 1985 E: Praia do Samouco, 18-XI-2023, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete (JR647 m).

** Merrifieldia garrigaeBigot & Picard, 1989 This species was considered a synonym of M. malacodactylus by Gielis (1995) and also by Arenberger (1995), but DNA barcodes clearly distinguish the two species (BOLD). It has so far been confirmed from ALG, AAL, BL, BB and TM. Other records of malacodactylus, including those from BAL, R and BA, almost certainly refer to M. garrigae. It has been recorded from France including Corsica and Italy. In France the host-plant is Rosmarinus officinalis L. but in Portugal larvae have only been found on Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav. (Nunes records).

Delete Merrifieldia malacodactylus (Zeller, 1847). There is no evidence that this species is present in Portugal. All examined specimens belong to M. garrigae.

Hellinsia carphodactyla (Hübner, 1813) BL: Castelo do Germanelo, 30-IV-2022, Rosete, gen det. Rosete (JR452 m).

Adaina microdactyla (Hübner, 1813) Delete record from BL published in Corley et al. (2023). Specimen is Hellinsia carphodactyla.

TORTRICIDAE

* Clepsis dumicolana (Zeller, 1847) DL: Gassamar, Sandim, 7-VIII-2023, Nunes ( figure 4). Potentially synanthropic species in apparent expansion from central Europe ( Fazekas & Halász, 2020). [Larva on Hedera L.].

Clepsis coriacanus (Rebel, 1894) ALG: Mexilhoeira Grande, 14-I-2023, Bragança, det. Nunes (REBN); DL: Nevogilde, 22-III-2023, Lima (REBN).

Oporopsamma dunaria Šumpich, 2011 E: Praia do Samouco, 23-VI-2023, Rosete, det. Rosete. Delete record from BL ( Corley et al., 2015 ), as this locality is in E.

* Eana incanana (Stephens, 1852) TM: Dine, 6-VII-2023, Corley and S. Ferreira, gen. det. Corley (GP6107 f) Most European countries, Sicily, but not other large Mediterranean islands. [Larva on Hyacinthoides Heist. ex Fabr. and Leucanthemum Mill.].

Cnephasia laetana (Staudinger, 1871) DL: Couce, 22-V-2023, Nunes, gen. prep. Nunes (GP0007 m).

Acleris laterana (Fabricius, 1794) BL: Grada, Barcouço, 10-VI-2023, L. Silva, det. Nunes (REBN).

Acleris variegana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) R: Goucha, Alpiarça, 12-XI-2023, Galante and Francisco (REBN).

Hysterophora maculosana (Haworth, 1811) Delete record from AAL, as locality (Portas do Ródão) is in BB (Mendes, 1904).

Phalonidia contractana (Zeller, 1847) E: Trafaria, 4-VIII-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Aethes francillana (Fabricius, 1794 E: Praia do Samouco, 24-IX-2015, Rosete, gen. det. Corley (GP4754 m).

Neocochylis molliculana (Zeller, 1847) M: Pedreiras, Fão, 21-VIII-2023, Gaifém (REBN).

* Platynota stultana Walsingham, 1884 BL: Grada, Barcouço, 27-IX-2023, L. Silva, det. Nunes. Spain. A North American species, first detected in Spain in 2009 ( Groenen & Baixeras, 2013). [Larva is polyphagous].

Piniphila bifasciana (Haworth, 1811) E: Trafaria, 12-V-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) M: São Vicente de Penso, Carcavelos, 6-VIII-2023, P. Gomes, det. Nunes (REBN).

Bactra venosana (Zeller, 1847) E: Trafaria, 12-VIII-2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (REBN).

Ancylis comptana (Frölich, 1828) Second Portuguese record. TM: Dine, 6-VII-2023, Corley and Ferreira.

Crocidosema plebejana Zeller, 1847 BL: Quinta do Canal, Bizorreiro, pupa on Hibiscus palustris L., 14-VIII-2023, Rosete.

* Eucosma subvittana (Staudinger 1892) BAL: Moinho do Alferes, 27-III-2017, Corley and Ferreira, confirmed by barcode; BL: Quinta do Canal, Bizorreiro, 22-VII-2017, Corley, Nunes and Rosete, confirmed by barcode. Zlatkov & Huemer (2023) suggest that south European records of E. cana (Haworth, 1811) are likely to belong to E. subvittana. Spain, Crete. Host-plant unknown.

Delete Eucosma cana (Haworth, 1811) There is no evidence that this species occurs in Portugal.

Epiblema scutulana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) M: Magusteiro, 3-VI-2023 daytime, Bryner (GP2023-77 m)

* Notocelia mediterranea (Obraztsov, 1952) This species has recently been resurrected from synonymy with N. incarnatana (Hübner, 1800) by Šumpich et al. (2023). They give no Portuguese records. We have so far been able to confirm Portuguese records from Algarve, Beira Litoral and Trás-os-Montes. The species is widespread in southern Europe extending north to Czechia and Austria. In the last-mentioned countries and in France it has been found together with N. incarnatana. Host-plant unknown.

Delete Notocelia incarnatana (Hübner, 1800) There is no evidence that this species occurs in Portugal.

Clavigesta sylvestrana (Curtis, 1850) E: Trafaria, 23-VI-2023, Fabião (REBN); Praia do Samouco, 23-VI-2023, Rosete.

* Dichrorampha vancouverana MacDunnough, 1935 TM: Alto do Coro do Carlão, 13-VII-2023, Corley, gen. det. Corley (GP6116 m). Nearly all Europe except most Balkan countries and Mediterranean islands. [ Achillea millefolium L.].

Grapholita janthinana (Duponchel, 1843) BAL: Vila de Frades, 13-X-2023, Jordão, det. Nunes (REBN).

BRACHODIDAE

Brachodes funebris (Feisthamel, 1833) BA: Praia Fluvial de São Roque, Castelo Bom, 16-VII-2023, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete (JR634 m).

SESIIDAE

Synanthedon vespiformis (Linnaeus, 1761) TM: Alto do Coro do Carlão, attracted to pheromone, 13-VII-2023, Corley

PYRALIDAE

* Aphomia cephalonica (Stainton, 1866) TM: Alto do Coro do Carlão, 13-VII-2023, Corley, gen. det. Dale (MD03299 m) ( figure 5). This is a synanthropic species of subtropical origin. It is probably adventive in most European countries but may be able to sustain outdoor populations in the southernmost parts of Europe ( Huemer & Rabitch, 2002). [The larva is recorded from a range of stored foodstuffs, including dried fruit, cereals, nuts, chocolate and nutmeg].

Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) R: Areia de Baixo, Casa Branca, 25-VII-2023, Alves (REBN).

Hypsopygia costalis (Fabricius, 1775) R: Paúl do Boquilobo, 13-XI-2023, Alves (REBN).

Hypsopygia glaucinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) M: São Vicente de Penso, Carcavelos, 20-IX-2023, P. Gomes (REBN); TM: Aveção do Cabo, Campeã, Vila Real, 7-X-2023, Fernandes (REBN).

Pyralis farinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) BA: São João de Lourosa, 7-X-2023, R. Ferreira (REBN); TM: Aveção do Cabo, Campeã, 27- VIII-2023, Fernandes (REBN).

Stemmatophora brunnealis (Treitschke, 1829) R: Areia de Baixo, Casa Branca, 22-VIII-2023, Alves (REBN).

Loryma egregialis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838) R: Alpiarça, 26-V-2023, Nascimento (REBN).

Hypotia muscosalis (Rebel, 1917) E: Trafaria, 15-VI-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Pempelia brephiella (Staudinger, 1879) E: Praia do Samouco, 23-VI-2023, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete (JR498 m).

* Gymnancyla sfakesella Chrétien, 1911 E: Trafaria, 18-VIII-2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (100-3763 f), coll. Nunes (REBN) ( figure 6). Spain ( Gastón & Vives Moreno, 2018). [Larva on Atriplex halimus L.]

Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke, 1832) R: Areia de Baixo, Casa Branca, 4-VIII-2023, A. Santos (REBN).

Ceutholopha isidis (Zeller, 1867) Delete record from AAL, as locality (Portas do Ródão) is in BB ( Corley et al., 2016 ).

Pseudacrobasis tergestella (Ragonot, 1901) E: Trafaria, 28-VII-2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (100-3272 m) (REBN); BL: Larça, 30-VI-2023, L. Silva (REBN).

Acrobasis advenella (Zincken, 1818) E: Pó, 22-VII-2023, Cardoso.

Acrobasis legatea (Haworth, 1811) E: Ota, 5-VII-2023, Cardoso, gen. prep. Cardoso (5851-2444 f).

* Eurhodope incensella (Staudinger, 1859) BAL: Vila de Frades, 6-V-2023, Jordão, det. Nunes (REBN). Spain. Host-plant unknown.

Homoeosoma nimbella (Duponchel, 1837) DL: Rio Sousa, N. of Jancido, 30-V-2023, Nunes, gen. det. Nunes.

Phycitodes inquinatella (Ragonot, 1887) E: Trafaria, 14-VII-2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (REBN).

Phycitodes saxicola (Vaughan, 1870) E: Trafaria, 2-IX-2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (100-4052 f) (REBN).

Ephestia elutella (Hübner, 1796) E: Trafaria, 9-VI-2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (REBN).

Ephestia parasitella Staudinger, 1859 E: Fincha Grande, Vau, 13-VII-2023, Cardoso, gen. prep. Cardoso (6957-1814 f), gen. det. Corley

Ephestia woodiella Richards & Thompson, 1932 E: Trafaria, 27-VI-2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (REBN).

Cadra figulilella (Gregson, 1871) E: Trafaria, 10-VI-2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (REBN)

Cadra calidella (Guenée, 1845) E: Trafaria, 21-VII-2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (REBN).

CRAMBIDAE

Achyra nudalis (Hübner, 1796) R: Areia de Baixo, Casa Branca, 5-VI-2023, Alves (REBN).

Pyrausta purpuralis (Linnaeus, 1758) BL: Rio Seco, Reguengo do Fetal, 14-VI-2023, Mourão, det. Nunes (REBN).

Uresiphita gilvata (Fabricius, 1794) R: Areia de Baixo, Casa Branca, 5-VIII-2023, Alves (REBN).

Anania coronata (Hufnagel, 1767) TM: Aveção do Cabo, Campeã, 12-VIII-2023, Fernandes (REBN).

Udea bipunctalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) BL: Rio Seco, Reguengo do Fetal, 13-X-2023, Mourão, det. Nunes (REBN). Delete record from AAL, as locality (Portas do Ródão) is in BB (Mendes, 1904).

Duponchelia fovealis Zeller, 1847 R: Areia de Baixo, Casa Branca, 18-IX-2023, Alves (REBN); E: Abelheira, 3-V-2023, Mateus (REBN).

Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775) E: Maceira, 14-X-2023, A. Santos (REBN); M: São Vicente de Penso, Carcavelos, 7-X-2023, P. Gomes (REBN).

Metasia suppandalis (Hübner, 1823) R: Paúl do Boquilobo, 10-VIII-2023, Alves (REBN).

Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) E: Trafaria, 2-V-2023, Fabião (REBN); BL: Casal dos Claros, Amor, 8-VIII-2023, V. Duarte (REBN); TM: Aveção do Cabo, Campeã, 23-VIII-2023, Fernandes (REBN).

Aporodes floralis (Hübner, 1809) R: Entroncamento, 8-VIII-2023, Martins (REBN); E: Maceira, 14-VII-2023, M. Duarte, det. Cardoso (REBN).

Eurrhypis guttulalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848) R: Foros do Vale Mansos, 19-V-2014 daytime, Lemos.

Evergestis isatidalis (Duponchel, 1833) R: Casalinho, Alpiarça, 8-XI-2023, C. Silva and Lameira (REBN).

Hellula undalis (Fabricius, 1781) R: Casalinho, Alpiarça, 21-IX-2023, C. Silva and Lameira, det. Nunes (REBN); M: São Vicente de Penso, Carcavelos, 25-VIII-2023, P. Gomes (REBN).

Hydriris ornatalis (Duponchel, 1832) BL: Casal dos Claros, Amor, 14-XI-2023, V. Duarte (REBN); DL: Rio Sousa, N. of Jancido, 12-X2023, Pereira (REBN).

Calamotropha paludella (Hübner, 1824) E: Gâmbia, 3-V-2023, M. Santos, det. Nunes (REBN).

Mesocrambus marabut (B∆eszyñski, 1965) R: Areia de Baixo, Casa Branca, 5-VIII-2023, Alves, det. Nunes (REBN); E: Trafaria, 28-VII2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (100-3200 m) (REBN).

Elophila feili Speidel, 2002 BA: São Miguel, Guarda, 9-IX-2023, Flor (REBN).

DREPANIDAE

Cilix algirica Leraut, 2006 BAL: Vila Verde de Ficalho, 25-III-2023, Valadares (REBN).

Habrosyne pyritoides (Hufnagel, 1766) E: Cesaredas, Reguengo Grande, 19-V-2023, Cardoso (REBN).

LASIOCAMPIDAE

Poecilocampa populi (Linnaeus, 1758) M: Rio Caldo, 2-I-2023, Dapling (REBN).

Macrothylacia digramma Meade-Waldo, 1905 BA: Segões, Moimenta da Beira, 29-V-2022, Brandão.

Phyllodesma kermesifolia (Lajonquière, 1960) BL: Folques, larvae on Salix atrocinerea Brot., 4-VI-2017, reared, Lemos; M: Rio Caldo, 16-IV2023, Dapling (REBN).

Phyllodesma suberifolia (Duponchel, 1842) BA: Moinhos d’Aveia, 23-VI-2023, Valadares (REBN).

SPHINGIDAE

Sphinx maurorum (Jordan, 1931) M: Rio Caldo, 10-VI-2023, Dapling, det. Nunes (REBN); TM: Esculca, Beça, larva on Pinus sylvestris L., 12-VIII-2018, Maravalhas.

Proserpinus proserpina (Pallas, 1772) BL: Rio Alva, Covais, larva on Epilobium tetragonum L., 9-VI-2017, Lemos; Figueira da Foz, larva on Epilobium parviflorum Schreb., 6-VIII-2017, Lemos.

Hippotion celerio (Linnaeus, 1758) M: São Sebastião de Baixo, Cabreiro, 18-VII-2023, Valadares (REBN).

GEOMETRIDAE

Idaea mediaria (Hübner, 1819) BA: Moinhos d’Aveia, 23-VI-2023, Valadares (REBN).

Idaea mustelata (Gumppenberg, 1892) DL: Rio Sousa, N. of Jancido, 7-VII-2023, Pereira (REBN).

Idaea elongaria (Rambur, 1833) DL: Bustelo, 13-VIII-2023, Nunes.

Idaea obsoletaria (Rambur, 1833) DL: Serra das Banjas, Melres, 25-VII-2023, Nunes.

Idaea humiliata (Hufnagel, 1767) BA: Picão, 22-VI-2017 daytime, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete (JR470 m).

Idaea politaria (Hübner, 1799) M: Rio Caldo, 9-VII-2023, Dapling (REBN).

Idaea straminata (Borkhausen, 1794) E: Casais da Serra, 19-V-2023, Fabião, gen. det. Fabião (100-1538 m) (REBN).

Brachyglossina hispanaria (Püngeler, 1913) BAL: Vila Verde de Ficalho, 26-V-2023, Valadares (REBN).

Cyclophora ruficiliaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) AAL: Sítio de Maceira, 13-IV-2023, Valadares (REBN).

Cataclysme uniformata (Bellier, 1862) BL: Arganil, 6-IV-2014, Lemos.

* Scotopteryx mucronata (Scopoli, 1763) M: Costa da Cabrita, 4-VII-2023 daytime, Corley, gen. det. Corley (GP6111 f). Middle latitudes of Europe. [Larva on Cytisus Desf., Genista L. and Ulex L.].

Larentia malvata (Rambur, 1833) BAL: Vila de Frades, 11-XI-2023, Jordão, det. Nunes (REBN).

Pennithera firmata (Hübner, 1822) M: Fão, 14-X-2023, Gaifém, (REBN).

Operophtera brumata (Linnaeus, 1758) M: Rio Caldo, 20-I-2023, Dapling (REBN).

Eupithecia cocciferata Millière, 1864 E: Ota, 15-III-2023, Cardoso, gen. det. Cardoso (5502-1672 m) (REBN); M: São Vicente de Penso, Carcavelos, 10-IV-2023, P. Gomes, det. Nunes (REBN).

Eupithecia irriguata (Hübner, 1813) R: Areia de Baixo, Casa Branca, 07-IV-2023, A. Santos, det. Nunes (REBN).

Eupithecia subfuscata (Haworth, 1809) R: Paúl do Boquilobo, 11-IV-2023, Alves, det. Nunes (REBN). Chesias legatella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) BAL: Vila Verde de Ficalho, 17-XI-2023, Valadares (REBN).

Myinodes interpunctaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1839) BAL: Vila de Frades, 4-III-2023, Jordão (REBN).

Isturgia deerraria (Walker, 1861) R: Areia de Baixo, Casa Branca, 5-VIII-2023, Alves (REBN); E: Verdizela, 10-VIII-2023, Hilário, det. Nunes (REBN).

* Selenia tetralunaria (Hufnagel, 1767) M: Castro Laboreiro, 21-VII-2023, Valadares (REBN) ( figure 7). Europe except most parts of the south, with limited distribution in Spain, Italy and the southern Balkan countries. [Larva on various deciduous trees, particularly Quercus L.].

Agriopis leucophaearia (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) M: Rio Caldo, 20-I-2023, Dapling (REBN).

Dasypteroma thaumasia Staudinger, 1892 BL: Castelo de Germanelo, 4-X-2013, Rosete.

Selidosema pyrenaearia (Boisduval, 1840) R: Casalinho, Alpiarça, 10-X-2023, C. Silva and Lameira, det. Nunes (REBN).

Cleora cinctaria (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) DL: Rio Sousa, N. of Jancido, 13-IV-2023, Pereira (REBN).

Charissa crenulata (Staudinger, 1871) AAL: Sítio de Maceira, 13-IV-2023, Valadares (REBN).

Onychora agaritharia (Dardoin, 1842) DL: Rio Sousa, Aguiar de Sousa, 12-X-2023, Nunes (REBN).

Phaiogramma faustinata (Millière, 1868) BA: Almendra, 23-VIII-2023, Grosso-Silva.

Microloxia herbaria (Hübner, 1813) BA: São Paio, 8-VIII-2023, Brandão.

NOTODONTIDAE

Thaumetopoea processionea (Linnaeus, 1758) BA: Picão, 1-VIII-2020, Nunes, C. Silva and Jesus.

Drymonia velitaris (Hufnagel, 1766) First record for Portugal from Gerês was in M not TM as given in Corley (2015). Record from Ribeiradio ( Corley, 2015) wrongly placed in BL instead of BA. Delete BL for this species.

EREBIDAE

Sphrageidus similis (Fuessly, 1775) AAL: Sítio de Maceira, 22-VI-2023, Valadares (REBN).

Artimelia latreillii (Godart, 1823) R: Foros do Vale Mansos, larvae on Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull, 19-V-2014, Lemos

Hyphoraia dejeani (Godart, 1822) BL: Folques, 10-V-2015, Lemos.

Utetheisa pulchella (Linnaeus, 1758) AAL: Herdade da Mitra, Valverde ( Cruz & Wattison, 1934) replaces record by A. Teixeira in Vieilledent (1905) which is from Portas do Ródão in BB; BL: Praia do Areão, 8-VIII-2023 daytime, Rosete; M: Sobreira, Vila Praia de Âncora, 22-VIII-2023 daytime, Gaspar.

Eilema marcida (Mann, 1859) R: Areia de Baixo, Casa Branca, 05-VI-2023, Alves, det. Nunes (REBN).

Nodaria nodosalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) M: Rio Caldo, 10-X-2023, Dapling (REBN).

Herminia tarsipennalis (Treitschke, 1835) TM: Aveção do Cabo, Campeã, 23-IX-2023, Fernandes (REBN).

Herminia tarsicrinalis (Knoch, 1782) BL: Arganil, 7-VIII-2023, Lemos; TM: Aveção do Cabo, Campeã, 19-IX-2023, Fernandes (REBN).

Tathorhynchus exsiccata (Lederer, 1855) M: Rio Caldo, 6-I-2023, Dapling (REBN).

Parascotia nisseni Turati, 1905 R: Paúl do Boquilobo, 14-VI-2023, Alves (REBN).

Phytometra sanctiflorentis (Boisduval, 1834) R: Paúl do Boquilobo, 13-V-2023, Alves (REBN).

Eublemma cochylioides (Guenée, 1852) E: Trafaria, 11-X-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Pandesma robusta (Walker, 1858) DL: Laborim de Baixo, 14-X-2023, Grosso-Silva.

Catocala mariana Rambur, 1858 E: Casais da Serra, 19-V-2023, Fabião (REBN).

Catocala fraxini (Linnaeus, 1758) BL: Arganil, 6-X-2013, Lemos.

Grammodes stolida (Fabricius, 1775) R: Areia de Baixo, Casa Branca, 4-VIII-2023, A. Santos (REBN).

NOCTUIDAE

Abrostola triplasia (Linnaeus, 1758) AAL: Sítio de Maceira, 13-IV-2023, Valadares (REBN).

Thysanoplusia daubei (Boisduval, 1840) BL: Casal dos Claros, Amor, 8-X-2023, V. Duarte (REBN).

Ctenoplusia limbirena (Guenée, 1852) M: Cambeses, 1 km N. of, Barcelos, 25-XI-2023, Grosso-Silva and Senra.

Protodeltote pygarga (Hufnagel, 1766) E: Cesaredas, Reguengo Grande, 19-V-2023, Cardoso (REBN).

Pseudozarba bipartita (Herrich-Schäffer, 1850) E: Trafaria, 6-VIII-2023, Fabião (REBN); BA: Almendra, 23-VIII-2023, Grosso-Silva.

Acontia lucida (Hufnagel, 1766) DL: Gemunde, 14-IX-2023, C. Silva.

Acronicta euphorbiae (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) E: Pinhal de Leiria, larvae on Cistus salviifolius L., 12-V-2014, Lemos.

Calophasia hamifera Staudinger, 1863 AAL: Sítio de Maceira, 22-VI-2023, Valadares (REBN); DL: Rio Sousa, N. of Jancido, 7-VII2023, Pereira (REBN).

Condica viscosa (Freyer, 1831) R: Paúl do Boquilobo, 9-X-2023, Alves (REBN); E: Verdizela, 23-IX-2023, Tavares.

* Condica capensis (Guenée, 1852) E: Trafaria, 12-X-2023, Fabião, coll. Nunes (REBN) ( figure 8). Spain, also Canary Islands and Madeira. [Larva reported on Acanthus L. and Bidens L. ( Fibiger & Hacker, 2007)].

Bryophila raptricula (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) E: Freixial, Bucelas, 10-IV-2023, Godinho, det. Nunes (REBN).

Proxenus hospes (Freyer, 1831) BA: São Paio, 11-VIII-2023, Brandão.

Trachea atriplicis (Linnaeus, 1758) TM: Aveção do Cabo, Campeã, 16-VIII-2023, Fernandes (REBN).

* Chlorothalpa graslini (Culot, 1913) ( Olivenebula xanthochloris (Boisduval, 1840)) Ronkay & Ronkay (2023) reinstate Chlorothalpa Beck, 1996 from synonymy with Olivenebula Kishida & Yoshimoto, 1977 and transfer the western Palearctic European species of Olivenebula to Chlorothalpa. Moreover, Chlorothalpa graslini (Culot, 1913) is upgraded to species level from the level of subspecies of Chlorothalpa xanthochloris (Boisduval, 1840). Portuguese records of C. xanthochloris belong to C. graslini.

Delete Chlorothalpa (Olivenebula) xanthochloris (Boisduval, 1840) There is no evidence that any Portuguese record refers to this species.

Hydraecia micacea (Esper, 1789) Third Portuguese record. TM: Dine, 6-VII-2023, Corley and S. Ferreira.

Luperina testacea (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) R: Casalinho, Alpiarça, 05-X-2023, C. Silva and Lameira (REBN).

Rhizedra lutosa (Hübner, 1803) R: Goucha, Alpiarça, 12-XI-2023, Galante and Francisco (REBN).

Denticucullus pygmina (Haworth, 1809) BAL: Vila de Frades, 13-X-2023, Jordão (REBN).

Mesapamea didyma (Esper, 1788) BL: Casais do Porto, 6-IX-2008, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete (JR650 m).

Cirrhia ocellaris (Borkhausen, 1792) Second Portuguese record. TM: Cabanelas, Chelas, 04-X-2023, Fernandes and Gonzalez.

Agrochola helvola (Linnaeus, 1758) R: Casalinho, Alpiarça, 08-XI-2023, C. Silva and Lameira, det. Nunes (REBN).

Agrochola circellaris (Hufnagel, 1766) R: Casalinho, Alpiarça, 15-XI-2023, C. Silva and Lameira (REBN).

Conistra intricata (Boisduval, 1829) BA: Rio Alva, Fontão, 1-I-2014, Lemos.

Lithophane ornitopus (Hufnagel, 1766) BL: Arganil, 26-II-2018, Lemos.

Ipimorpha retusa (Linnaeus, 1761) DL: Gemunde, 11-VII-2018, C. Silva.

Dryobotodes eremita (Fabricius, 1775) BAL: Vila Verde de Ficalho, 17-XI-2023, Valadares (REBN).

Dryobotodes roboris (Geyer, 1835) DL: Rio Sousa, Aguiar de Sousa, 12-X-2023, Nunes (REBN).

Ammopolia witzenmanni (Standfuss, 1890) BAL: Vila Verde de Ficalho, 17-XI-2023, Valadares (REBN); R: Casalinho, Alpiarça, 15-XI-2023, C. Silva and Lameira, det. Nunes (REBN).

Anarta gredosi (de Laever, 1977) BA: Moinhos d’Aveia, 23-VI-2023, Valadares (REBN).

Melanchra persicariae (Linnaeus, 1761) DL: Águas do Marão, 11-VII-2023, Fernandes, C. Silva and Jesus.

Hadena compta (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) ALG: Aljezur, 3 km W. of, 8-VIII-2023, Valadares, det. Nunes (REBN).

Mythimna languida (Walker, 1858) BL: Casal dos Claros, Amor, 14-XI-2023, V. Duarte (REBN).

Leucania joannisi Boursin & Rungs, 1952 DL: Parque Biológico de Gaia, 8-IV-2023, J. Gomes, det. Valadares (REBN).

Agrotis sabulosa Rambur, 1837 E: Praia do Samouco, 10-X-2013, Rosete.

Agrotis alexandriensis Bethune-Baker, 1894 This species is only present in Algarve (José Luis Yela, pers. comm.). Records from E, BL and DL belong to A. ripae.

* Agrotis ripae (Hübner, 1823) This species was rejected by Corley (2015) as all Portuguese records were considered to belong to A. alexandriensis Bethune-Baker, 1894. Following advice from José Luis Yela the species is reinstated with records from E, BL and DL.

Cerastis faceta (Treitschke, 1835) BAL: Vila Verde de Ficalho, 18-II-2023, Valadares (REBN).

Noctua fimbriata (Schreber, 1759) E: Praia do Samouco, 23-VI-2023, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete (JR502 f).

Xestia castanea (Esper, 1798) BL: Condeixa-a-Nova, 17-IX-2015, I. Ferreira, Jesus and Rosete.

NOLIDAE

Nycteola siculana (Fuchs, 1899) R: Casalinho, Alpiarça, 10-X-2023, C. Silva and Lameira, det. Nunes (REBN).

Earias clorana (Linnaeus, 1761) R: Paúl do Boquilobo, 10-VIII-2023, Alves (REBN).

Recent literature

Bengtsson (2024) raises S. terrenella (Zeller, 1847) from synonymy with S. tributella (Zeller, 1847). Portuguese records of S. tributella all belong to the widespread S. terrenella. S. tributella appears to be confined to Sicily.

Corley et al. (2023) add eight species to the Portuguese Lepidoptera fauna and delete one.

Ferreira et al. (2024) publish information on barcodes of Portuguese moths from the InBIO Barcoding Initiative.

Gil et al. (2021) report Pseudopanthera macularia (Linnaeus, 1758) for Douro Litoral.

Gil & Grosso-Silva (2023) report two new species for Douro Litoral: Scythris sinensis (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875) and Synanthedon conopiformis (Esper, 1782).

Grosso-Silva & Senra-Martins (2023) add Minho to the distribution of Yponomeuta evonymella (Linnaeus, 1758).

Nunes (2023) publishes further additions to the Lepidoptera of Lousada, adding two new species for Portugal, Stigmella regiella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) and Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli, 1763), 13 new species for Douro Litoral and additional data on host-plants of a number of species. Although Zelleria oleastrella (Millière, 1864) was reported for the first time in the same province, this was not explicitly highlighted in that work.

Nunes et al. (2024) add Agonopterix cachritis (Staudinger, 1859) to the Portuguese fauna. The species was previously only known from Spain, where it may be extinct.

Pires & Marabuto (2024) add two new provinces (Estremadura and Beira Alta) to the distribution of Millieria dolosalis and provide an update on current knowledge of the species in Portugal. This work has brought a confusion of localities into focus. In that paper the first Portuguese record of the species by Mendes is stated to be from Beira Baixa, but in Corley (2015) the locality is said to be in Alto Alentejo. The place name in question, Portas do Ródão refers to two facing crags on opposite sides of the Rio Tejo, one in Beira Baixa and one in Alto Alentejo. There is no known evidence on which side Mendes collected M. dolosalis (and two other species) but as he was based at São Fiel, near Fundão some 60 km north of this locality, on the balance of probability he would have visited the north side, not the south. Furthermore, he could have travelled from Fundão to Vila Velha do Ródão and possibly beyond by train. We therefore propose that Mendes’ records from this locality are assumed to be from Beira Baixa.

Pires et al. (2024) record Gracillaria syringella (Fabricius, 1794) from Alto Alentejo, as a new species for the Iberian Peninsula, although there is an earlier published record from Spain ( Vives Moreno, 1991, p. 264 as G. microdactylella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)). The moth in Portugal was not collected but named from a photograph. According to Zdenek Lastuvka the figured moth is not Gracillaria syringella but appears to be Caloptilia loriolella (Frey, 1881). In the absence of a specimen, we treat both suggested names as unconfirmed.

Russell & Vane-Wright (2022) reverse the invalid lectotypification of Hipparchia hermione Linnaeus, with the result that the correct name for the Portuguese species is H. alcyone (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775).

Zlatkov & Huemer (2023) reinstate Eucosma subvittana (Staudinger, 1892) from synonymy with E. cana (Haworth, 1811). They mention probable records from Portugal based on barcodes in BOLD. They suggest that all records of E. cana from southern Europe are likely to belong to E. subvittana.

Appendix: Changes to the Portuguese fauna list

Species added to the Portuguese fauna listed in this and other papers are summarised here, each with a number indicating their placement in the checklist ( Corley, 2015). New genera for the Portuguese fauna show the author and year of publication of the genus.

Name changes resulting from changes at genus level or to new synonymy are given, with each species retaining its list number. In a case where a new name is provided for a previously misidentified species, the new species retains the number of the misidentified species. Thus, Scythris terrenella (Zeller, 1847) replaces Scythris tributella (Zeller, 1847) which was previously misidentified, but the species retains the number 0876 in the checklist.

0022.1 Stigmella regiella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)

0163.1 Dryadaula heindeli Gaedike & Scholz, 1998

0333.1 Glyphipterix forsterella (Fabricius, 1781)

0454.1 Agonopterix cachritis (Staudinger, 1859)

0550.1 Acompsia cinerella (Clerck, 1759)

0679.1 Klimeschiopsis arnoldfransorum Huemer & Karsholt, 2023

0876 Scythris terrenella (Zeller, 1847) ( tributella auct. nec Zeller, 1847)

0895.1 Blastobasis lavernella Walsingham, 1894

0957 Merrifieldia garrigaeBigot & Picard, 1989 ( malacodactylus auct. nec Zeller, 1847)

0979.1 Platynota stultana Walsingham, 1884

1005.1 Clepsis dumicolana (Zeller, 1847)

1015.1 Eana incanana (Stephens, 1852)

Enarmonia Hübner, 1826

1128.1 Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli, 1763)

1151 Eucosma subvittana (Staudinger 1892) ( cana auct. nec Haworth, 1811)

1164 Notocelia mediterranea (Obraztsov, 1952) ( incarnatana auct. nec Hübner, 1800)

1178.2 Dichrorampha vancouverana MacDunnough, 1935

1328 Hipparchia alcyone (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) ( hermione auct. nec Linnaeus, 1764)

1410.1 Aphomia cephalonica (Stainton, 1866)

1460.1 Gymnancyla sfakesella Chrétien, 1911

Eurhodope Hübner, 1825

1511.1 Eurhodope incensella (Staudinger, 1859)

1835.1 Scotopteryx mucronata (Scopoli, 1763)

1975.1 Selenia tetralunaria (Hufnagel, 1767)

2290.1 Condica capensis (Guenée, 1852)

Chlorothalpa Beck, 1996

2328 Chlorothalpa graslini (Culot, 1913) ( Olivenebula xanthochloris auct. nec Boisduval, 1840)

2532.1 Agrotis ripae (Hübner, 1823)

Acknowledgments

We are extremely grateful to all the recorders who have provided records for this paper. We also thank Mike Dale for dissections, Dr Zdenek Lastuvka for sharing his expert knowledge of Caloptilia, Dr José Luis Yela for valuable advice on Agrotis species, Dr Reinhard Gaedike for confirming the identification of Dryadaula heindeli and André Lameirinhas for the photo of Glyphipterix forsterella. We are most grateful to Ernestino Maravalhas for preparing the map. The fourth author would also like to thank the Câmara Municipal de Mértola and the Associação de Municípios Parque das Serras do Porto for funding the fieldwork which produced the records obtained in these areas.

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