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Application of multiple proxies in Mexican tropical coasts to prove evidence of tsunami deposits
María Teresa Ramírez-Herrera; Avto Goguitchaichvili; Francisco Bautista;
María Teresa Ramírez-Herrera; Avto Goguitchaichvili; Francisco Bautista; Patricia Quintana; Ana-Carolina Ruiz-Fernández; Néstor Corona; Violeta Rangel; Marcelo Lagos; Vladimir Kostoglodov; María Luisa Machain; Daniel Aguilar Treviño; Rocío Castillo-Aja; Krzysztof Gaidzik
Application of multiple proxies in Mexican tropical coasts to prove evidence of tsunami deposits
Geofísica internacional, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 9-10, 2018
Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM
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Application of multiple proxies in Mexican tropical coasts to prove evidence of tsunami deposits

María Teresa Ramírez-Herrera
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
Avto Goguitchaichvili
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
Francisco Bautista
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
Patricia Quintana
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
Ana-Carolina Ruiz-Fernández
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
Néstor Corona
Colegio de Michoacán, Mexico
Violeta Rangel
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
Marcelo Lagos
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
Vladimir Kostoglodov
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
María Luisa Machain
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
Daniel Aguilar Treviño
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
Rocío Castillo-Aja
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
Krzysztof Gaidzik
University of Silesia, Poland
Geofísica internacional, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 9-10, 2018
Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM

Received: 17 August 2017

Accepted: 06 October 2017

The study of tsunami deposits has significantly advanced since the Chilean 2010 and Tohoku 2011 tsunamis providing opportunities to analyze tsunami deposits and their characteristics (Rubin et al., 2017). In tropical environments, the combination of multiple proxies has de-monstrated to be a necessity to prove evidence of ancient earthquakes and tsunamis (Ramírez-Herrera et al., 2012, 2016; Williams et al., 2011). Challenges faced in the study of tsunami deposits in tropical areas frequently affected by hurricanes, lead to problems of differentiation between tsunami and storm deposits, and misinterpretations of climate/seasonal changes.

Ocampo-Ríos et al. (2017) attempted to study the geologic evidence of the 1985 tsunami in Barra de Potosí, México. Their assertion that an “erosive base” is the only tool to prove the existence of tsunami deposits is not correct. (1) Our previous work in the Barra de Potosí area (field and survey-based interviews to witnesses of the 1985 tsunami) indicate that the area around the village has been intervened by human activity, thus surficial sediments are not reliable. (2) Beaches are very dynamic, and are located where normally tsunami erosion occur, thus, this type of environments are not suitable for tsunami deposits preservation. (3) Ramírez-Herrera et al. (2012) research results come from sites in the Ixtapa estuary and not from Zihuatanejo Bay, i.e. a completely different geomorphic setting that consequently changes the tsunami impact and distribution of tsunami deposits. Thus, comparison by Ocampo-Ríos et al. (2017) with their sites is inadequate. (4) Ocampo-Rios et al. (2017) hydraulic roughness calculation (0.02) to determine the inundation limit shows inaccuracies. Values from 0.011 to 0.02 apply to flood plains with very irregular shape which is not the case for Ixtapa estuary studied by Ramírez-Herrera et al. (2012) nor is the Zihuatanejo Bay. The calculation of Manning´s values for the specific location (using the local topography, vegetation density, presence of barriers, etc.) is more appropriate than using standardized Manning´s values. We reassessed here the tsunami flooding area interpreted by Ocampo-Ríos et al. (2017) using their data and demonstrate that their results are not correct, the inundation continues beyond 700 m in both Zihuatanejo and Barra de Potosí areas. (5) . Mineral content and assemblages are source-dependent and therefore, they are not a useful tool alone to identify tsunami deposits (Jagodzinski et al., 2012). (6) Except for the Br concentration values, Ocampo-Ríos et al. (2017) do not show significant differences in the elemental composition of the “pre-tsunami” and “tsunami deposits”. The explanation provided on the low concentrations of Na, Cl and Br is not plausible. These elements have been widely used to identify marine provenance on sediment paleorecords along coastal areas. Br concentrations on soils can vary from 5 to 40 ppm, while on marine sediments they can reach up to 300 ppm (e.g. Ruiz-Fernández et al., 2016). The oxides used to demonstrate tsunami origin of the Barra de Potosí sediments named “tsunami deposits”, i.e. SiO2 and TiO2, if there was in fact any significant difference in values, would prove terrigenous characteristics and origin, and not marine. In summary, multiple proxies are required to prove evidence of tsunami deposits.

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References
Jagodziński R., Sternala B., Szczuciński W., Chagué-Goffb C., Sugawarad D., 2012, Heavy minerals in the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami deposits-insights into sediment sources and hydrodynamics. DOI:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.07.015
Ocampo-Ríos B.G., D. Roy P., Macías M.C., Jonathan M.P., Lozano-Santacruz R., 2017, Tsunami deposits of September 21st 1985 in Barra de Potosí: comparison with other studies and evaluation of some geological proxies for southwestern Mexico. DOI:10.19155/geofint.2017.056.1.4
Ramírez-Herrera M-T., Lagos M., Hutchinson I., Kostoglodov V., Machain M.L., Caballero M., Goguitchaichvili A., Aguilar B., Chagué-Goff C., Goffg J., Ruiz-Fernández A.-C., Ortiz M., Nava H., Bautista F., López G.I., Quintana P., Extreme wave deposits on the Pacific coast of Mexico: Tsunamis or storms? - A multi-proxy approach. 2012. DOI:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.11.002
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Williams S., Prasetya G., Chagué-Goff C. , Goff J., Fai Cheung K., Davies T., Wilson T., 2011, Characterising diagnostic proxies for identifying palaeotsunamis in a tropical climatic regime, Samoan Islands. DOI:10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107137
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*Corresponding author:tramirez@igg.unam.mx

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