INTRODUCTION

Flies of the family Calliphoridae are commonly known in English as blow flies, green bottles or blue bottles, and in Spanish “moscas metálicas” or “moscas panteoneras”, with some species very familiar to people around the world (Prado e Castro et al., 2016). It has a great diversity within calyptrate Diptera with about 1,500 described species belonging to 150 genera present in all biogeographic regions (Rognes, 1991).

Blow flies are medium-size Diptera (4-16 mm) some with a beautiful metallic color (iridescence) ranging from green, blue to purplish and violet, while some others have duller coloration, but all with some degree of metallic reflections. Males are usually holoptic and females dichoptic with chaetotaxy similar in both sexes (Prado e Castro et al., 2016; Wolff & Kosmann, 2016). Adult Calliphoridae are found in wide variety of habits; some species feed on nectar and are pollinators, other species are parasites of worms, bird nestlings and snails, a few have medical and veterinary importance causing myiasis or mechanical transmission of pathogens, but the bulk of species are associated with decaying animal and vegetable matter and feces (Norris, 1966; Rognes, 1998; Zumpt, 1965; Prado e Castro et al., 2016). Immature stages feed on a wide variety of substrates including carcasses and healthy/necrotic tissues of vertebrates, and some feed on amphibians, birds or mammals’ blood (Wolff & Kosmann, 2016). These habits allow the family to play an important ecological key role as decomposers, being a useful tool in forensic entomology studies for that reason (Byrd & Castner, 2010). Blow fly species show different levels of synanthropy (association with human habitats), some associated with high disturbed habitats as urban environments and human settlements (eusynanthropy), modify ecosystems for agricultural, pastoral and forestry practices (hemisynanthropy) or natural pristine ecosystems (asynanthropy) (Povolnỳ, 1971).

Phylogeny of Calliphoridae is still debatable and some authors believe it is not a monophyletic group (Rognes, 1997; Kutty et al., 2010). Some subfamilies of Calliphoridae have been recently elevated to the family status based in morphological and molecular data, such as Mesembrinellidae and Rhiniidae (Kutty et al., 2010; Marinho et al., 2012, 2017; Cerretti et al., 2017), changes that we follow in this work. Some authors have contributed since 1960’s with a variety of studies regarding the blow fly fauna in the Neotropical region (James, 1955, 1966, 1970, 1971; Mello, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969a, 1969b, 1972a, 1972b, 1974, 1978, 1996, 2003; Whitworth, 2014; Wolff, 2013) and some others to the Nearctic region fauna (e.g. Hall, 1948; Tantawi & Whitworth, 2014; Tantawi et al., 2017; Whitworth, 2006).

The number of species distributed in America is significantly smaller as compared to the rest of the world (Wolff & Kosmann, 2016), as there are nearly 100 species in the Nearctic region (Pape et al., 2009) and 130 species in the Neotropical region (Pape et al., 2011). Considering that Mexico belongs to the biogeographic transition zone between Nearctic and Neotropical areas (Halffter, 2003), with a variety of ecosystems, the number of species expected in Mexico should be higher than the number known to date. This is probably consequence of the scarcity of faunistic studies on this group.

There are few catalogs of American Calliphoridae and no one specific for Mexico. The Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico (Hall, 1965), presented species distributed in North America with few records in Mexico which unfortunately is not updated taxonomically, whereas the Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States (James, 1970) do not include all the Mexican species known today, also in a non-updated classification. Some South and Central America catalogs have been published recently in different countries such as Chile (Mac-Lean & González, 2006), Nicaragua (Maes et al., 1994), Colombia (Wolff & Kosmann, 2016), and Systema Dipterorum available online, with records on nomenclature and references of several worldwide species (Pape & Evenhuis, 2019), and for Mexico there is one catalog of Diptera available online at CONABIO (Ibáñez-Bernal, 2017), which includes Mesembrinellidae as subfamily and other species as valid that now are synonyms.

In the particular case of Mexico, studies regarding this family are few and disperse, some are focused on the entomological succession on corpses (Byrd & Castner, 2010; Flores, 2009; García-Espinoza et al., 2012; Mañas-Jordá et al., 2017; Stanford-Camargo et al., 2017; Valdés-Perezgasga et al., 2012). Nevertheless, scarcity of systematized and periodic studies in nearly all the Mexican territory makes difficult to present a complete list of Mexican species, moreover, to trace the geographic distribution of species.

In this work an up-to-date catalog of Calliphoridae (Diptera) for Mexico based on an extensive literature review is presented. It includes 30 species, in 11 genera and three subfamilies (Table 1), with their synonyms and early name combinations and references. Information is presented by category starting with family, genus and species, followed by the author (s) and year of publication of the original description. The original reference, type species for supraspecific taxa and type locality for species are also presented. A chronological list of synonyms for each taxon, with the author (s), year of publication, starting page of mention and type specimens for supraspecific taxa and type locality for species, are provided. For each species the known distribution by country is given and in the case of Mexican records the states in which the species are known are presented between parentheses. For some species we present notes or additional useful references that we consider to be complemental information regarding taxonomical notes or further discussions.

Family Calliphoridae Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889

CalliphorinaeBrauer & Bergenstamm, 1889: 85. Type: Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy.

Additional references:Sabrosky, 1999: 85.

Subfamily Calliphorinae Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889

Genus CalliphoraRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830

CalliphoraRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 433. Type species: Musca vomitoriaLinnaeus, 1758: 595.

SteringomyiaPokorny, 1889: 568. Type species: Steringomyia styliferaPokorny, 1889: 569.

AbonesiaVilleneuve, 1927: 357. Type species: Musca genarumZetterstedt, 1838: 658.

AcrophagaBrauer & Bergenstamm, 1891: 367. Type species: Acophaga stelvianaBrauer & Bergenstamm, 1891: 367; Brauer, 1893: 500.

EucalliphoraTownsend, 1908: 118. Type species: Calliphora latifronsHough, 1899a: 286.

AldrichiellaRohdendorf, 1931: 177. Type species: Calliphora grahamiAldrich, 1930: 1. Junior homonym of AldrichiellaVaughan, 1903: 101, and AldrichiellaHendel, 1911: 37.

StobbeolaEnderlein, 1933: 126. Type species: Stobbeola norwegicaEnderlein, 1933: 126.

AldrichinaTownsend, 1934a: 111. Type species: Calliphora grahamiAldrich, 1930: 1, replacement name for AldrichiellaRohdendorf, 1931: 177.

AcronesiaHall, 1948: 272. Type species: Steringomyia aldrichiaShannon, 1923: 112.

Calliphora coloradensisHough, 1899

Calliphora coloradensisHough, 1899a: 286. Type locality: USA, Colorado.

Additional references:Shannon, 1923: 109, 1926: 135; Hall, 1948: 294; James, 1953: 143; Poole, 1996: 77; Whitworth, 2006: 699; Tantawi et al., 2017: 314.

Distribution: Canada, United States of America. Mexico (Durango, Morelos, Puebla) (Tantawi et al., 2017).

Calliphora grahamiAldrich, 1930

Calliphora grahamiAldrich, 1930: 1. Type locality: China, Sichuan Province.

Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich): Hall, 1948: 290.

Additional references:Thomas, 1951: 181; James, 1953: 144, 1955: 10; Hall, 1965: 929; Poole, 1996: 77; Whitworth, 2006: 699; Tantawi et al., 2017: 316.

Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de México, Durango, Hidalgo) (Tantawi et al., 2017). This species is indigenous to the west Palearctic and Oriental regions but was introduced to Hawaii and Western of United States of America (Whitworth, 2006) and then to Mexico.

Calliphora irazuanaTownsend, 1908

Calliphora irazuanaTownsend, 1908: 118. Type locality: Costa Rica, Irazú.

Distribution: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala. Mexico (Chiapas, Ciudad de México, Durango, Estado de México, Guerrero, Puebla, Veracruz) (Whitworth, 2012).

Calliphora latifronsHough, 1899

Calliphora latifronsHough, 1899a: 286. Type locality: USA, Idaho, Moscow.

Eucalliphora latifrons (Hough): Townsend, 1908: 118.

Eucalliphora artaHall, 1948: 287. Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosí.

Calliphora arta (Hall): Whitworth, 2006: 698.

Calliphora bezziZumpt, 1956: 16. Type locality: Ruta, Italy.

Additional references:Shannon, 1923: 109; James, 1970: 12; Whitworth, 2006: 703; Rognes, 2016: 195; Tantawi et al., 2017: 326.

Distribution: Canada, United States of America. Mexico (Baja California, Chiapas, Ciudad de México, Durango, Puebla, Tabasco) (Tantawi et al., 2017). Tantawi et al. (2017) presented this species as indigenous of North America, but Rognes (2016) reported this species in China and Italy as Calliphora bezzi Zumpt, and he stated that apparently this species was dispersed by human activity, as it has only been found at international ports, leading to believe that the species has not stablished outside North America, but it can become a stablished population in the future.

Calliphora trisetaWhitworth, 2012

Calliphora trisetaWhitworth, 2012: 18. Type locality: Costa Rica, San Jose Province.

Additional references:Whitworth, 2012: 18.

Distribution: Costa Rica, El Salvador. Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca) (Whitworth, 2012). Its distribution overlaps with Calliphora irazuana, but Whitworth (2012) makes a clear difference to recognize both species, stating that this species may distribute in high altitudes of mountain areas thorough Central America.

Calliphora vicinaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830

Calliphora vicinaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 435. Type locality: USA, Philadelphia.

Musca carnivoraFabricius, 1794: 313. Name suppressed, see International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1992 [Opinion 1670]: 90).

Musca erythrocephalaMeigen, 1826: 62. Junior primary homonym of Musca erythrocephalaDe Geer, 1776. Name suppressed, see International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1992 [Opinion 1670]: 90).

Calliphora littoralisRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 435. Type locality: Not specified.

Calliphora spitzbergensisRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 435. Type locality: Norway, Spitzbergen.

Calliphora monspeliacaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 436. Type locality: France, Montpellier.

Calliphora muscaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 436. Type locality: Not specified.

Calliphora nanaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 436. Type locality: France, Paris.

Calliphora scutellataMacquart, 1834: 161. Type locality: France, Lille.

Musca thusciaWalker, 1849: 897. Type locality: USA, New York.

Calliphora rufifaciesMacquart, 1851: 216. Type locality: USA, New York.

Musca auctaWalker, 1853: 334. Type locality: India, Madras or Calcutta.

Calliphora insidiosaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1853: 334. Type locality: France, Paris.

Calliphora turanicaRohdendorf, 1926: 90. Type locality: Not specified.

Additional references:Rognes, 1991: 63; Tantawi et al., 2017: 339.

Distribution. This species is widespread around the world, mainly in large cities. In America it is present from Canada through Central and South America (Whitworth, 2006, 2012; Tantawi et al., 2017). In Mexico it has been recorded in Ciudad de México, but it is possible to be found in other states of Mexico. For detailed information see Rognes (1991).

Genus CynomyaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830

CynomyaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 363. Type species: Musca mortuorumLinnaeus, 1761: 452 (Macquart, 1834: 176).

CynophagaLioy, 1864: 890. Type species: Musca mortuorum Linnaeus.

CarcinomyiaTownsend, 1915b: 21. Type species: Cynomya hirtaHough, 1898a: 166 (= Musca mortuorum).

CynomyopsisTownsend, 1915c: 118. Type species: Cynomya cadaverinaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 365.

Cynomya cadaverinaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830

Cynomya cadaverinaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 365. Type locality: USA, Carolina.

Calliphora myoideaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 436. Type locality: USA, Pennsylvania.

Calliphora aurulansRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 437. Type locality: USA, Carolina.

Calliphora compressaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 438. Type locality: USA, Carolina.

Musca mortisequaKirby, 1837: 316. Type locality: USA, Alaska.

Musca ilerdaWalker, 1849: 895. Type locality: Canada, Ontario.

Cynomyia americanaHough, 1898b: 105. Type locality: USA, Louisiana.

Calliphora texensisTownsend, 1908: 116. Type locality: USA, Texas.

Cynomyopsis cadaverina (Robieneau-Desvoidy): Townsend, 1915a: 118.

Distribution: Alaska, Canada, Denmark, United States of America. Mexico (Aguascalientes) (Whitworth, 2006; Martínez-Ruvalcaba et al., 2009). Rognes (1991) mentioned this species to be widespread in the Nearctic and Palearctic regions, Hall (1948) mentioned it is a common species in United States of America and Canada, whereas Whitworth (2006) mentioned that he rarely found it in the southern United States. Martínez-Ruvalcaba et al. (2009) reported some specimens in the state of Aguascalientes, Mexico.

Genus ProtocalliphoraHough, 1899

ProtocalliphoraHough, 1899b: 65-66. Type species: Musca azureaFallén, 1817: 245.

AvihospitaHendel, 1901: 29. Type species: Musca azureaFallén, 1817: 245. Aldrich, 1901: 68; Aldrich, 1905: 523.

ApaulinaHall, 1948: 179. Type species: Protocalliphora aviumShannon & Dobroscky, 1924: 249. Hamerstrom & Hamerstrom, 1954: 5; James, 1955: 24; Zumpt, 1956: 94.

TrypocalliphoraPeus, 1960: 199. Type species: Avihospita braueriHendel, 1901: 30.

Additional references:Rognes, 1985: 371-382 (revision of Trypocalliphora); Shewell, inMcAlpine et al., 1987: 1134-5, 1140, 1143; Sabrosky et al., 1989: 44.

Protocalliphora (P.) asiovoraShannon & Dobroscky, 1924

Protocalliphora avium var. asiovoraShannon & Dobroscky, 1924: 249. Type locality: USA, Washington, McElroy Lake.

Apaulina avium (Shannon & Dobroscky): Hall, 1948: 186.

Apaulina basingeriHall, 1948: 190. Type Locality: USA, California, San Diego.

Protocalliphora asiovora (Shannon & Dobroscky): Hall, 1965: 926.

Distribution: Canada, United States of America. Mexico (Baja California) (Sabrosky et al., 1989).

Protocalliphora beameriSabrosky, Bennett & Whitworth, 1989

Protocalliphora beameriSabrosky, Bennett & Whitworth, 1989: 113. Type locality: USA, Arizona, Cave Creek Canyon.

Protocalliphora n. sp. B of Horning & Barr, 1970: 73.

Additional references:Sabrosky et al., 1989: 113.

Distribution: United States of America. Mexico (Baja California) (Sabrosky et al., 1989).

Protocalliphora sialiaShannon & Dobroscky, 1924

Protocalliphora splendida var. sialiaShannon & Dobroscky, 1924: 249. Lectotype locality: USA, Pennsylvania, Delaware River.

Protocalliphora chrysorrhoea (Meigen): Henshaw, 1908: 87. Type series: destroyed (Rognes, 1991).

Phormia chrysorrhoea (Meigen): Lloyd, 1922: 116.

Apaulina sialia (Shannon & Dobroscky): Hall, 1948: 201.

Additional references:Sabrosky et al., 1989: 208 (lectotype designation).

Distribution: Alaska, Canada, United States of America. Mexico (Durango, Puebla) (Sabrosky et al., 1989).

Subfamily Luciliinae Shannon, 1923

LuciliniShannon, 1923: 103, elevated to subfamily by Brues et al., 1954: 356.

Genus LuciliaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830

LuciliaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 452. Type species: Musca caesarLinnaeus, 1758. Subsequent designation of Macquart, 1834: 162.

PhaeniciaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1863: 750. Type species: Phaenicia concinna Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863: 778 (Townsend, 1916b: 8). Some Authors in North America continued to use this as a subgenus or genus until Rognes (1991) and Stevens and Wall (1996) discussed their phylogenetic relationships.

BufoluciliaTownsend, 1919: 542. Type species: Lucilia bufonivoraMoniez, 1876: 25.

FranciliaShannon, 1924: 74. Type species: Francilia alaskensisShannon, 1924: 74.

ViridinsulaShannon, 1926: 131. Shannon used this name as a subgenus of Lucilia but Curran (1934) elevated the subgenus to genus, James (1966) degraded it again to subgenus, and posteriorly Rognes (1991) did not recognized any subgenera and listed Viridinsula as a synonym of Lucilia (See Whitworth, 2014).

Lucilia cluvia (Walker, 1849)

Musca cluviaWalker, 1849: 855. Type locality: West Indies.

Lucilia pilateiHough, 1899a: 287. Type locality: USA, Georgia, Tifton. See Whitworth (2014) for further discussion on synonymy.

Lucilia cluvia (Walker): Shannon, 1926: 133.

Phaenicia cluvia (Walker): Hall, 1948: 236.

Distribution: Widespread in North and Central America. Mexico (Chiapas, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Campeche, Nayarit) (Whitworth, 2014).

Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830)

Musca cuprinaWiedemann, 1830: 654. Type locality: China.

Lucilia dorsalisRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 453. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope.

Lucilia amicaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 453. Type locality: Indonesia, Timor.

Lucilia elegansRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 458. Type locality: France, Ile de France.

Lucilia argyricephalaMacquart, 1846: 326. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope (see Waterhouse & Paramonov, 1950 as Lucilia argyrocephala Macquart).

Musca fucinaWalker, 1849: 883. Type locality: South Africa.

Musca serenissimaWalker, 1852: 340. Type locality: West Indies.

Musca temperataWalker, 1852: 340. Type locality: East Indies.

Lucilia leucodesFrauenfeld, 1867: 453. Type locality: “Im Chinesischen Meer”.

Somomya pallifronsBigot, 1877a: 257. Type locality: Australia.

Strongyloneura nigricornisSenior-White, 1924: 115. Type locality: India, North West Frontier Post, Cherat.

Lucilia pallescensShannon, 1924: 78. Type locality: USA, North Carolina, Wilmington.

Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann): Shannon, 1926: 131.

Additional references:Waterhouse & Paramonov, 1950.

Distribution. This species has an almost worldwide distribution; in America it has stablished from southern United States through Central America to Northern Argentina and Peru. Mexico (Veracruz) (Whitworth, 2014).

Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819)

Musca eximiaWiedemann, 1819: 53. Type locality: Brazil.

Lucilia smaragdulaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 462. Type locality: Brazil.

Lucilia punctipennisMacquart, 1848: 216. Type locality: Brazil.

Lucilia subrectineurisMacquart, 1851: 223. Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais.

Musca insularisWalker, 1853: 340. Type locality: West Indies.

Somomya amazonaBigot, 1877a: 255. Type locality: Brazil.

Somomyia mutabilisBigot, 1877a: 248. Type locality: “Mexicus”.

Somomyia pueblensisBigot, 1877a: 250. Type locality: “Mexicus”.

Somoyia sylphidaBigot, 1877b: 45. Type locality: USA, New Orleans.

Lucilia hirtiforcepsShannon, 1926: 133. Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone.

Lucilia meraShannon & Del Ponte, 1926: 586. Type locality: Argentina, San Pedro de Jujuy.

Lucilia primaverisShannon & Del Ponte, 1926: 586. Type locality: Argentina, Buenos Aires, San Isidro.

Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann): Aubertin, 1933: 423.

Lucilia littoralisBlanchard, 1938: 380. Type locality: Argentina (see Whitworth, 2014).

Phaenicia eximia (Wiedemann): Hall, 1948: 239.

Additional references:Hall, 1948: 239; James, 1970: 10; Whitworth, 2014: 26.

Distribution: Widespread from southern United States through Central and South America. Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Estado de México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz) (Whitworth, 2014).

Lucilia illustris (Meigen, 1826)

Musca illustrisMeigen, 1826: 54. Type locality: Germany.

Musca parvulaMeigen, 1826: 55. Type locality: Europe.

Musca equestrisMeigen, 1826: 57. Type locality: Europe.

Lucilia fraternaMacquart, 1848: 217. Type locality: “America septentrionale”.

Lucilia consobrinaMacquart, 1848: 217. Type locality: “America septentrionale”.

Musca muralisWalker, 1849: 888. Type locality: Canada, Hudson’s Bay, Albany River.

Calliphora simulatrixPandelle, 1896: 218. Type locality: France.

Lucilia purpureaTownsend, 1908: 122. Type locality: USA, Alaska, Fort Wrangel (see Hall, 1948).

Lucilia ilustris (Meigen): Collin, 1926: 258.

Distribution: Holarctic, from Canada to Northern Mexico (Hall, 1948; James, 1970; Whitworth, 2014).

Lucilia mexicanaMacquart, 1843

Lucilia mexicanaMacquart, 1843: 300. Type locality: Mexico.

Lucilia unicolorTownsend, 1908: 121. Type locality: USA, New Mexico.

Lucilia infuscataTownsend, 1908: 123. Type locality: USA, New Mexico.

Phaenicia mexicana (Macquart): Hall, 1948: 243.

Distribution: Southwestern United States of America to Honduras. Mexico (Baja California, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Zacatecas) (Whitworth, 2014).

Lucilia purpurascens (Walker, 1836)

Musca purpurascensWalker, 1836: 355. Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina.

Lucilia brunnicornisMacquart, 1843: 299. Type locality: “Mexique”.

Lucilia violaceaMacquart, 1847: 99. Type locality: “Mexique”.

Lucilia ocularisShannon, 1926: 132. Type locality: Costa Rica, San Mateo. There is a misspelling as “Lucilia oculatis” (see Whitworth (2014) for explanation).

Lucilia purpurascens (Walker): Aubertin, 1933: 426.

Phaenicia purpurescens (Walker): Hall, 1948: 254. Misspelling and subsequent authors mistake (see Whitworth, 2014).

Distribution: Mainly Neotropical from Mexico to northern Argentina. Mexico (Chiapas, Veracruz, Morelos, Tamaulipas, Ciudad de México) (Whitworth, 2014).

Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826)

Musca sericataMeigen, 1826: 53. Type locality: Germany.

Musca nobilisMeigen, 1826: 56. Type locality: Europe.

Chrsomya capensisRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 451. Type locality: Africa.

Lucilia basalis Macquart, 1842: 305. Type locality: Not specified.

Lucilia flavidipennisMacquart, 1843: 296. Type locality: Ceylon (Sri Lanka).

Musca lagyraWalker, 1849: 885. Type locality: Fayal.

Lucilia latifronsSchiner, 1862: 590. Type locality: Not specified.

Lucilia sayiJaennicke, 1867: 375. Type locality: USA, Illinois.

Lucilia giraltiTownsend, 1908: 121. Type locality: France, Paris.

Lucilia barberiTownsend, 1908: 121. Type locality: USA, Arizona, Williams.

Lucilia frontalisBrauer & Bergenstamm, 1891: 116 (nomen nudum). Aubertin, 1933: 411. Type locality: Egypt.

Lucilia sericata (Meigen): Townsend, 1908: 120.

Additional references:Mello, 1961: 261; James, 1970 for synonymy and discussion, and Whitworth (2012), for description and distribution.

Distribution: From southern Canada to Argentina. It is commonly stated that the species has a widespread distribution in the Americas, but it is doubtful (Hall, 1948; Mello, 1961; Whitworth, 2014). Mexico (Coahuila, San Luis Potosí) (Valdés-Perezgasga & García-Espinoza, 2014).

Lucilia silvarum (Meigen, 1826)

Musca silvarumMeigen, 1826: 53. Type locality: Not specified.

Lucilia brunicosaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 459. Type locality: North America.

Lucilia nigripalpisTownsend, 1908: 120. Type locality: USA, Ohio.

Bufolucilia lucilioidesWulp, 1896: 288. Enderlein, 1933: 120 (as Xerophilophaga). Type locality: Mexico, Mexico City.

Bufolucilia silvarum (Meigen): Townsend, 1919: 542; Hall, 1948: 219.

Lucilia silvarum (Meigen): Rognes, 1991>: 181.

Additional references:Hall, 1948: 219; Tantawi & Whitworth, 2014: 104 (Key).

Distribution: Holarctic: Europe, Asia, North Africa (Rognes, 1991); Nearctic: Canada, United States of America. Mexico (Ciudad de México, Coahuila) (Hall, 1948, 1965; James, 1970; Valdés-Perezgasga & García-Espinoza, 2014).

Subfamily Chrysomyinae Shannon, 1923

ChrysomyiniShannon, 1923: 103, elevated to subfamily by Malloch, 1927: 299, 300, 324.

Genus CochliomyiaTownsend, 1915

CallitrogaBrauer, 1883: 74. Type species: Musca macellariaFabricius, 1775: 776. Type locality: West Indies (see Melville, 1984, name suppression).

CochliomyiaTownsend, 1915c: 646. Type species: Musca macellaria Fabricius.

Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858)

Lucilia hominivoraxCoquerel, 1858: 173. Type locality: French Guiana, Cayenne.

Compsomyia homicidaBrauer, 1899: 525, misspelling of hominivorax Coquerel.

Calliphora infestaPhilippi, 1861: 513. Type locality: Chile, Santiago.

Calliphora anthropophagaConil, 1878: 71. Type locality: Argentina, Córdoba.

Somomyia fulvobarbataBigot, 1888: 598. Type locality: Uruguay, Montevideo.

Cochliomyia americanaCushing & Patton, 1933: 539. Type locality: USA, Texas, Menard.

Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel): Dear, 1985: 138.

Additional references:Dear, 1985: 138. (taxonomy discussion).

Distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, French Guyana, Greater Antilles, Guatemala, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay. Mexico (Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Yucatán, Chiapas) (Dear, 1985; Wolff & Kossman, 2016).

Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775)

Musca macellariaFabricius, 1775: 776. Type locality: “America”.

Musca laniariaWiedemann, 1830: 683. Type locality: Brazil.

Chrysomya viridulaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 445. Type locality: Brazil.

Chrysomya affinisRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 445. Type locality: Brazil.

Chrysomya tibialisRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 446. Type locality: Jamaica, Pour-Au-Prince.

Chrysomya lherminieriRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 446. Type locality: USA, Carolina.

Chrysomya aliaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 447. Type locality: Brazil.

Chrysomya sociaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 447. Type locality: Brazil.

Chrysomya decoraRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 448. Type locality: “Antilles”.

Chrysomya plaeiRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 448. Type locality: “Antilles”.

Chrysomya lepidaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 448. Type locality: Brazil.

Calliphora violaceaMacquart, 1843: 285. Type locality: Africa, probably a mistake. Dear (1985) states that it is from Chile.

Lucilia vittataMacquart, 1843: 298. Type locality: Australia, New-Holland. Dear (1985) mentioned a locality mistake, because it is a species from the New World.

Lucilia durvilleiMacquart, 1843: 299. Type locality: Peru, Payta.

Musca certimaWalker, 1849: 873. Type locality: USA, Florida.

Musca phaudaWalker, 1849: 896. Type locality: Galapagos Islands.

Pyrellia cyanicolorRondani, 1850: 178, unjustified name for Calliphora violacea Macquart.

Calliphora tristriataVerhuell, 1850: 273. Type locality: Surinam, Paramaribo, Paramaribo.

Calliphora tibialisMacquart, 1851: 215. Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro.

Lucilia rubrifronsMacquart, 1851: 223. Type locality: Argentina, Buenos Aires.

Musca turbidaWalker, 1853: 336. Type locality: Jamaica.

Musca fasciataWalker, 1853: 337. Type locality: Brazil.

Lucilia picicrusThomson, 1869: 543. Type locality: Panama.

Lucilia curvipesThomson, 1869: 544. Type locality: Brazil, Río de Janeiro.

Lucilia porticolaThomson, 1869: 544. Type locality: Peru, Callao.

Lucilia quadrisignataThomson, 1869: 544. Type locality: Galapagos Islands.

Somomya flavigenaBigot, 1877a: 249. Type locality: Mexico.

Somomya aztequinaBigot, 1877a: 252. Type locality: Mexico.

Somomyia iridicolorBigot, 1888: 599. Type locality: Cuba.

Chrysomyia lynchiLahille, 1915: 12. Type locality: Argentina, Chaco.

Cochliomyia fontanaiGarcía, 1952: 71. Type locality: Argentina, Belgrano.

Distribution: This species is common in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Argentina, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Caribbean, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Greater Antilles, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela. Mexico (Veracruz, Jalisco, Yucatán, Chiapas, Morelos, Durango) (Dear, 1985; Whitworth, 2010; Wolff & Kosmann, 2016).

Genus CompsomyiopsTownsend, 1918

CompsomyiopsTownsend, 1918: 153. Type species: Calliphora fulvipesMacquart, 1843: 289.

MyioluciliaHall, 1948: 109. Type species: Musca lyrceaWalker, 1849: 873.

Compsomyiops callipes (Bigot, 1877)

Somomya callipesBigot, 1877a: 249. Type locality: Mexico.

Somomya calopusBertkau, 1879: 538 (unjustified emendation of callipes).

Chrysomyia wheeleriHough, 1899a: 284. Type locality: USA, California, Monterey.

Paralucilia wheeleri (Hough): Hall, 1948: 153.

Distribution: United States of America. Mexico (Ciudad de México, Guerrero, Michoacán, Morelos, Veracruz) (Dear, 1985).

Compsomyiops fulvicrura (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)

Chrysomya fulvicruraRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 446. Type locality: Uruguay, Montevideo.

Calliphora fulvipesMacquart, 1843: 289. Type locality: Chile.

Musca lyrceaWalker, 1849: 873. Type locality: Montevideo, Uruguay.

Musca carucaWalker, 1849: 877. Type locality: Chile.

Musca gameliaWalker, 1849: 878. Type locality: Uruguay, Montevideo.

Calliphora annulipesPhilippi, 1861: 514. Type locality: Chile, Santiago.

Lucilia taeniariaThomson, 1869: 544. Type locality: Argentina, Buenos Aires.

Paralucilia nigripesMello, 1968: 184. Type locality: Argentina, Buenos Aires, Boulogne.

Distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Guyana, Mexico, Uruguay (Lopes & Albuquerque, 1955; James, 1970; Guimarães et al., 1983; Kosmann et al., 2013). However, there is not a punctual record for Mexico, as stated above many authors use the distribution of this species as it is spread through Mexico, Central and South America. But according to Dear (1985), González-Mora et al. (1998) and Mariluis and Mueleri (2003), the distribution is restricted to South America (Bolivia, Guyana, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile). Dear (1985) stated that there has been a lot of misidentifications thorough history, and confusion specially with Hall (1948) (See the discussion under Paralucilia in Dear, 1985), so this species is recorded for Mexico in many works, but it may or may not be present in Mexico as we could not find a punctual record, further analysis and material revision is required to confirm this.

Compsomyiops melloiDear, 1985

Compsomyiops melloiDear, 1985: 155. Type locality: Mexico, Ciudad (de México).

Distribution: Colombia. Mexico (Ciudad de México) (Dear, 1985; Kosmann et al., 2013).

Genus ChloroproctaWulp, 1896

ChloroproctaWulp, 1896: 296. Type species: Chloroprocta semiviridisWulp, 1896: 296 (= Chrysomya idiodeaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830).

CallitrogopsisTownsend, 1935: 70. Type species: Callitrogopsis costalisTownsend, 1935: 70 (= Chrysomya idiodeaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830).

Chloroprocta idiodea (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)

Chrysomya idiodeaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 445. Type locality: Brazil.

Musca violaceaFabricius, 1805: 228. Type locality: “America Meridionalis”.

Lucilia fuscanipennisMacquart, 1851: 223. Type locality: Brazil.

Musca purpureaWalker, 1853: 337. Type locality: South America.

Chloroprocta semiviridisWulp, 1896: 296. Type locality: Mexico, Yucatán (Type designation of Townsend, 1937: 123).

Strongyloneura flavifaciesEngel, 1931: 138. Type locality: Bolivia.

Callitrogopsis costalisTownsend, 1935: 71. Type locality: Brazil (type designation of Townsend, 1937: 123).

Additional references:James, 1970: 5; Dear, 1985: 113; Pape et al., 2004: 203; Amat, 2009: 700; Amat, 2010: 399; Kosmann et al., 2013: 76; Wolff & Kosmann, 2016: 859.

Distribution: Bahamas, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, El Salvador, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad, United States of America, Venezuela (Kosmann et al., 2013). México (Colima, Yucatán) (Dear, 1985; Kosmann et al., 2013).

Genus ChrysomyaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830

ChrysomyaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 444. Type species: Chrysomya regalis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 444, by designation of Coquillett, 1910: 523.

CompsomyiaRondani, 1875: 425. Type Species: Musca dux Eschscholtz.

PycnosomaBrauer & Bergenstamm, 1894: 623. Type species: Musca marginalis Wiedemann.

ParacompsomyiaHough, 1898c: 184. Type species: Paracompsomyia nigripennis Hough.

PsilostomaSurcouf, 1919: 58. Type species: Ochromyia incisuralis Macquart.

MicrocalliphoraTownsend, 1916a, 618. Type species: Lucilia varipes Macquart.

CyaneosomyiaSéguy, 1928: 112. Type species: Cyaneosomyia phaonis Seguy.

PycnosomopsTownsend, 1934b: 277. Type species: Musca putoria Wiedemann.

Additional references:Dear, 1985: 112; Zumpt, 1956: 178 (taxonomic review of the genus).

Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794)

Musca megacephalaFabricius, 1794: 317. Type locality: India, Teshi, Gahna.

Musca duxEschscholtz, 1822: 114. Type locality: Guam.

Chrysomya duvauceliiRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 451. Type locality: India, West Bengai.

Chrysomya gratiosaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 451. Type locality: “Oriental Region”.

Lucilia flavicepsMacquart, 1843: 302. Type locality: India.

Musca remuriaWalker, 1849: 871. Type locality: China.

Musca bataWalker, 1849: 875. Type locality: Not specified.

Musca combreaWalker, 1849: 876. Type locality: Not specified.

Pollenia basalisSmith, 1876: 449. Type locality: Indic ocean, Isla Rodrigues.

Somomyia pfefferiBigot, 1877a: 257. Type locality: Mauritius.

Somomyia cyanocinctaBigot, 1888: 604. Type locality: Indonesia, Java.

Somomyia divesBigot, 1888: 600. Type locality: India, Calcutta.

Chrysomya megacephala (Facribius): Malloch, 1930: 233.

Additional references:Senior-White et al., 1940: 138 (taxonomic review and keys); Kurahashi, 1991: 713; Zumpt, 1965: 97.

Distribution: From North to South America (Dear, 1985). Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Estado de México, Michoacán, Morelos, Veracruz, Yucatán) (Castañeda-Vildózola et al., 1999; Pérez-Balam et al., 2012).

Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart, 1843)

Lucilia rufifaciesMacquart, 1843: 303. Type locality: Australia, New Holland.

Lucilia orientalisMacquart, 1843: 302. Type locality: India, Pondicherry.

Lucilia pavoninaSchiner, 1868: 305. Type locality: Kar Nicobar and Tellschong (Andaman and Nicobar Islands).

Somomyia barbataBigot, 1877b: 30. Type locality: India.

Chrysomya cordieriSéguy, 1925: 303. Type locality: Indonesia, Java, Sockaboemi.

Chrysomyia rufifacies (Macquart) Bezzi, 1927: 235.

Additional references:Holdaway, 1933: 553; Senior-White et al., 1940: 141; Zumpt, 1965: 92 (taxonomic review and history); Kurahashi, 1991: 713.

Distribution: Stablished in almost all the Americas (Dear, 1985). Mexico (Chiapas to Durango) (Gagné, 1981; Baumgartner & Greenberg, 1984).

Genus HemiluciliaBrauer, 1895

HemiluciliaBrauer, 1895: 598. Type species: Musca segmentariaFabricius, 1805: 292.

MyaRondani, 1850: 175, primary homonym.

Additional references:Dear, 1985: 124 (species review).

Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius, 1805)

Musca segmentariaFabricius, 1805: 292. Type locality “America Meridionalis”. Additional references: Dear (1985); Kosmann et al. (2013) (taxonomic review and keys).

Lucilia nubipennisRondani, 1848: 77. New name for “segmentaria” of Wiedemann.

Chrysomya hyacinthinaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 450. Type locality: South America.

Calliphora femorataWalker, 1861: 310. Type locality: Mexico.

Hemilucilia hermanlentiMello, 1972b: 548. Type locality: Brazil, Río de Janeiro.

Hemilucilia nubipennis occidentalisMariluis, 1980: 86. Type locality: Ecuador.

Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius): Dear, 1985: 127.

Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad (Dear, 1985). Mexico (Morelos, Veracruz, personal observations).

Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani, 1850)

Mya semidiaphanaRondani, 1850: 177. Type locality: Brazil.

Hemilucilia hermanlentiMello, 1972b: 548. Type locality: Brazil, Río de Janeiro.

Hemilucilia segmentaria ssp. pacifiencisMariluis, 1980: 85. Type locality: Ecuador.

Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani): Dear, 1985: 130.

Additional references:Dear, 1985: 130 (discussion of types and taxonomic review).

Distribution: From Argentina to Mexico (Dear, 1985). Mexico (Veracruz, personal observation).

Genus ParaluciliaBrauer & Bergenstamm, 1891

ParaluciliaBrauer & Bergenstamm, 1891: 391. Type species: Calliphora fulvipesMacquart, 1834: 289.

Additional references:Dear, 1985: 117 (review of species; commentaries on type species specimen).

Paralucilia fulvinota (Bigot, 1877)

Somomya fulvinotaBigot, 1877a: 251. Type locality: Mexico.

Chrysomyia desvoidyHough, 1900: 208. Type locality: Brazil, Chapada.

Paralucilia braueriTownsend, 1916b: 11. Type locality: Chile.

Paralucilia fulvinota (Bigot): Dear, 1985: 119.

Additional references:Dear, 1985: 119 (discussion about types and taxonomy).

Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela. Mexico (Morelos, Veracruz) (Dear, 1985).

Genus PhormiaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830

PhormiaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 465. Type species: Musca reginaMeigen, 1826: 58.

EuphormiaTownsend, 1919: 542. Type species: Musca reginaMeigen, 1826: 58.

Phormia regina (Meigen, 1826)

Musca reginaMeigen, 1826: 58. Type locality: Not specified.

Musca thalassinaMeigen, 1826: 54. Type locality: Europe.

Phormia philadelphicaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 466. Type locality: USA, Pennsylvania.

Phormia regina (Meigen): Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 466.

Phormia cupreaRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 467. Type locality: France, Paris.

Phormia fulvifaciesRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 467. Type locality: France, Paris.

Phormia vittataRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 467. Type locality: France, Yonne.

Phormia squalensRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830 468. Type locality: France, Yonne.

Musca mollisWalker, 1849: 892. Type locality: Canada, Ontario.

Musca proximaWalker, 1853: 341: Type locality: USA, California.

Lucilia rufipalpisJaennicke, 1867: 375. Type locality: USA, Illinois.

Lucilia stigmaticalisThomson, 1869: 544. Type locality: USA, California.

Somomya nigrinaBigot, 1877a: 247. Type locality: USA, Illinois.

Somomyia rupicolaBigot, 1888: clxxx (180) . Type locality: USA, Rocky Mountains.

Somomyia rufigenaBigot, 1888: clxxxi (181) . Type locality: USA, Rocky Mountains.

Distribution: Holarctic: Canada, United States of America. In Mexico as south as Mexico City (Hall, 1948), but also in Veracruz (personal observation).

Acknowledgements

The first author was supported by a scholarship from the Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT, No. 634637) as part of the work “Diversidad de moscas carroñeras de la familia Calliphoridae (Diptera) en tres sitios con diferente grado de antropización en la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, México”. It was also supported by the project “Actualización del Catálogo de Autoridad Taxonómica del Orden Diptera (Insecta) de México” (CONABIO JE006) and (INECOL-10816), granted to Sergio Ibáñez-Bernal .

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Notes

Author notes

^*Corresponding author: <sergio.ibanez@inecol.mx>