Abstract: GNSS integrity assessment has always been linked to the need for reliable positional information. Initially used in aviation, positional information gained even more relevance in terrestrial applications with the popularity of GNSS. However, the terrestrial e

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Abstract: Technological advances in bathymetric equipment, positioning capacity, data processing, as well as the development of new ways of obtaining depth and other ways of exploring the submerged bottom, have been noticed in recent years. It is known that acoustic re

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Abstract: 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) aims to generate and disseminate high-resolution topographic elevation data from the source data products including lidar point clouds, original DEMs from which the 3DEP standard DEM datasets were produced, and additional data type

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Abstract: The use of acoustic systems for mapping submerged areas is the most accurate way. However, echosounders are expensive and, in addition, the equipment requires a great deal of experience on the part of the specialist. From another perspective, orbital and aeri

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Abstract: In recent years, the ability of GNSS systems to estimate high accuracy 3D positions has greatly contributed to the development of new monitoring techniques aimed at understanding the mechanisms by which the different Earth processes are generated. This paper

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Abstract: The extensive use of GNSS positioning, combined with the importance of precise geoid heights for transformation between geodetic and orthometric heights, brings up the discussion of the influence of data uncertainties and the use of variable density values on

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Abstract: Multiple regression equations (MREs) provide an empirical direct method of transforming coordinates between geodetic datums. Since they offer a means of modelling distortions, they are capable of a more accurate fit to datum-shift datasets than more basic dir

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