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Life adapted to precariousness: The ecology of drylands

Abstract: Drylands occupy approximately 40 % of the Earth’s surface. Their peculiar hydrological system, with water as the main limiting factor, together with other characteristics such as the variability of rainfall and their ecological heterogeneity, make these regio

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Science and policy to combat desertification: The institutional response to a global challenge
Víctor M. Castillo Sánchez

Abstract: Desertification is a controversial concept whose nature, extent, causes, and potential solutions are still debated. This paper reviews the arguments put forward for considering desertification a global environmental challenge. We also analyse the institutiona

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Intensification of livestock farming in times of climate change: The challenges of domestic grazing in the drylands of the Argentine Patagonia

Abstract: Livestock grazing modifies and even degrades arid ecosystems, which threatens the sustainability of livestock farming itself. It is essential to learn more about the effects of grazing on vegetation and soil to design strategies to avoid desertification, perh

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Latin American drylands: Challenges and opportunities for sustainable development

Abstract: The drylands of Latin America sustain their countries’ economies. However, governance and economic models focused on exports and the short term have resulted in environmental injustice, unsustainable development, and the promotion of desertification. Addressi

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Social evolution: A biological history of cooperation
Pau Carazo

Resumen: To talk about life is to talk about cooperation. Its evolutionary origin, different levels of organisation, and current complexity are the result of cooperation between different biological entities. This is also the case with animal societies, including the

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Mobility and sedentariness: The convergence of two divergent archaeological concepts
Anna Bach Gómez

Abstract: Human communities have settled very diverse geographical and climatic environments on a more or less permanent basis. Much of the archaeological evidence left by humans shows the strategies they adopted in terms of mobility, the structure of exchange networks

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The origins of normativity: Assessor teaching and the emergence of norms
Laureano Castro Miguel A. Toro

Abstract: Norms govern many aspects of human behaviour and facilitate coordination in cooperative activities. Regarding the origin of normativity, the most widely accepted hypothesis holds that it was shaped by processes of cultural selection between human groups with

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An evolutionary success story: The ascent of the urban ape
Greg Woolf

Abstract: Urbanistic projects have dominated the last six thousand years of our species’ history, appearing independently on all the inhabited continents. The majority of the population already live in cities and the trend seems to be increasing. An evolutionary approa

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Sitopia: How food shapes civilisation
Carolyn Steel

Abstract: The question of how to eat has always been central to human life. Our evolution has mirrored a series of technical innovations such as the control of fire, farming, and railways that have transformed, not just how we eat, but how we live. Our ancestors unders

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Rashevsky’s dream: A physico-mathematical foundation of history and culture
Salva Duran-Nebreda Sergi Valverde

Abstract: The popular science fiction series Foundation penned by Isaac Asimov explores the idea that the course of the future of societies is not only predictable but can be engineered as well. In Asimov’s fictional world, a multidisciplinary science called psychohist

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Re-imagining One Health: A perspective from social science

Abstract: One Health is a framework focusing on the dynamic intersections between humans, animals, and ecosystems regarding health systems and practices. As human decisions and actions are the locus of One Health challenges, it is critical to understand how people perc

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Boosting vaccination: Accelerating vaccine uptake through communication science
Victoria Ledford Xiaoli Nan

Abstract: Effective public health messages about vaccination can bolster human vaccine uptake to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Despite this potentiality, the One Health framework that values an interdependent approach to health has not fully considered the

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More biodiversity to improve our health: The benefits to human well-being of favouring functional and diverse ecosystems
Fernando Valladares

Abstract: There is ample evidence that contact with nature generates measurable benefits for people’s psychological and physiological health. There is also abundant research showing that well-conserved ecosystems with high levels of biodiversity serve additional functi

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Zoonotic diseases: Can the transmission of pathogens between animals and humans be controlled?
Júlia Vergara-Alert

Abstract: After being associated with more than six million deaths so far, the Covid-19 pandemic is one of the worst diseases of animal origin known to date. Other zoonotic diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (2002–2004, which mainly affected China), Mid

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The environmental watchdogs: Wildlife as sentinels of antimicrobial resistance pollution in the environment in Catalonia
Laila Darwich Rafael A. Molina-López

Abstract: The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in both humans and livestock is attributed largely to the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials. The alarming emergence of this resistance in human and veterinary medicine has activated awareness for

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Is beauty a criterion of truth? Genetic quality or aesthetic criteria, drivers of sexual selection in animals
Juan Ignacio Pérez

Abstract: Do bees or hummingbirds perceive the beauty of the flowers they approach to take nectar? That is, can non-human animals appreciate beauty? Is there a universal truth regarding beauty? Or is it just a useful attribute, an indicator of a valuable trait? As with

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Sex and design in our evolutionary cousins: The perception of beauty in nature
Tamra C. Mendelson Michael J. Ryan

Abstract: Taking an evolutionary approach to the question of beauty, we discuss the expression and perception of sexual beauty across the animal kingdom. Animals experience beauty in their brains, and animal brains are tuned to features of the environment most relevant

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Beauty and mate choice: What evolutionary biology can teach us
Enrique Font Enrique V. Font-Ferrer

Abstract: We tend to regard beauty as the product of our education, the quintessence of cultural refinement, and we often emphasise the relative nature of beauty. That is why many find it shocking that the perception of beauty, especially human beauty, has a clear biol

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Back to nature: Landscape in the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the Arts and Crafts movement
Mónica Vergés Alonso

Abstract: By the mid-19th century, the United Kingdom had reached the peak of industrialisation and economic expansion, while also revealing the first drawbacks of progress: social inequality, urban overcrowding, and aesthetic discontent as a result of production techn

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Dialogues between art and nature: Aesthetic reflection as a context
Romà de la Calle

Abstract: The relationship between natural and artistic aesthetics has not always been easy. Neither have the correlations between art and nature been independent from the contextualising filter that is human cultural history and its corresponding scientific developmen

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